Cell Division Flashcards
Chromosome
Threadlike structure of nucleus acids and protein. Visible in microscope
Chromatin
Relaxed form of chromosomes. Not distinct microscopically
Chrimatid
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated
Tetrad
In meiosis after replication, each pair of chromosomes consists of four chromatids (a tetrad). At this point, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material by the process of crossing over
Centromere (kinetochore)
Constructed region of a chromosome where spindle fibers attach
Spindle fiber (microtubule)
A protein structure that separates chromosomes into daughter cells
Daughter cells
Genetically identical cells formed when a cell undergoes mitosis
Chiasma
Structures formed in meiosis I between a pair of homologous chromosomes, resulting in crossing over and recombination
Crossing over
Meiosis only; homologous chromosomes like up and exchange parts
Independent assortment
Meiosis only. Homologous chromosomes sort independently of one another
Alleles
Alternate forms of a gene at a chromosomal locus
Locus
A specific location on a chromosome
Homologs
Two chromosomes in a pair- one from other one from father
Gamete
Haploid reproductive cell produced by meiosis
Zygote
Fertilized cell that results from the union of a female gamete with a male gamete
