CELL DIVISION Flashcards
What is a genome?
The complete set of genetic material in an organism, encompassing all its genes + DNA sequence + non-coding DNA.
Example sentence: The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What are somatic cells?
Non-reproductive cells (all cells except the zygote) that have 2 sets of chromosomes (46).
Additional information: Somatic cells make up the majority of cells in the human body.
What are gametes?
Reproductive cells (sperm & egg) that have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells (23).
Example sentence: Gametes combine during fertilization to form a zygote.
What is chromatin?
The loose, uncoiled form of DNA found in the nucleus when a cell is not dividing. In prophase, chromatin condenses/thickens to form a chromosome.
Additional information: Chromatin allows for the efficient packaging of DNA within the cell.
What are sister chromatids?
Two identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together after DNA replication.
Additional information: Sister chromatids separate during cell division to ensure each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material.
What are chromosomes?
Made of DNA and protein, chromosomes carry genetic information.
Additional information: Humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
What is a centromere?
The region where two sister chromatids are joined together. It plays a crucial role in the movement of chromatids during cell division by acting as
Additional information: The centromere ensures the proper alignment and separation of sister chromatids during mitosis.
