Cell Division Flashcards
A process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two
genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
It is a nuclear division in which the nucleus divides to produce two
nuclei.
Occurs in body cells or somatic cells.
Mitosis
Chromatin Condensation:
During ____, the long, thin strands of chromatin in the nucleus condense and coil into visible, compact structures called chromosomes.
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown:
The nuclear envelope. which surrounds the nucleus. begins to disintegrate in prophase.
Formation of Spindle Fibers:
Microtubules, known as spindle fibers. begin to assemble as centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell.
Prophase
Chromosome Alignment:
The condensed chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane. known as the _____plate.
Spindle Fiber Attachment:
Microtubules of the spindle apparatus attach to the centromeres of each chromosome. These attachments. known as kinetochores.
help to secure the chromosomes in their aligned position.
Checkpoint Control:
The cell checks at this stage to ensure that all chromosomes are properly aligned at the ____plate and attached to spindle fibers before proceeding to the next stage, anaphase.
Metaphase
Chromosome Separation:
The sister chromatids, which are the two identical copies of each chromosome held together at the centromere, are pulled apart towards opposite ends of the cell.
Microtubule Shortening:
Microtubules that make up the spindle apparatus actively shorten, which is facilitated by motor proteins.
Cytokinesis Initiation:
Anaphase marks the near completion of mitosis, and it often overlaps with the initiation of cytokinesis.
Anaphase
Chromatid De-condensation:
The separated sister chromatids begin to de-condense. They revert to their less condensed chromatin state, making them less visible under a microscope.
Nudear Envelopes Reformation:
The nuclear envelope, which had disintegrated during prophase, starts to re-form around the separated chromatids in felophase.
Cytokinesis Continues:
The cell undergoes final preparations for dividing into two separate daughter cells, each with its own nucleus, as cytokinesis continues.
Telophase
Cleavage Furrow Formation:
In animal cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a deavage furrow. which is a contractile ring composed of actin filaments.
Difference from Telophase:
Specifically concerned with the physical division of the cell into two distinct daughter cells.
Completion of Cell Division:
Cytokinesis represents the final stage of cell division, ensuring that the genetic material and cellular components are distributed evenly between the daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
