Cell Division Flashcards
(52 cards)
Why do cells reproduce instead of just grow larger?
If they grow beyond a certain size, they will not be able to carry out any metabolic functions.
Name 3 reasons why cells divide.
Growth/differentiation, maintenance, repair
What is a somatic cell? A parent cell? Daughter cell?
A somatic cell is a cell that is part of the body. A parent cell is the original cell. A daughter cell is a newly formed cell.
What is the cell cycle measured from?
Measured from one cell division to the next.
What does it mean for genetic material to be central?
It must be appropriately divided between cells.
What is the constricted region in the center of a chromosome called?
A centromere.
In eukaryotic cells, where is DNA found?
In a eukaryotic cell, DNA is in the membrane bound nucleus.
What state is DNA in when the cell is not dividing?
It is unwound and in the chromatin form.
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosome?
Chromatin is unwound DNA and chromosome is wounded DNA.
What type of cells contain homologous pairs of chromosomes?
Somatic Cells
How many chromosomes do human cells have?
46
How many pairs of DNA are non-sex homologous pairs?
22
What are some similarities in homologous pairs? (4)
Length, gene location, centromere location, and responsible for the same type of characteristics
What are non sex chromosomes called?
Autosomes
During replication, a chromosome will form that X shape. What is each half of the X called?
Sister chromatids
Are homologous chromosomes identical to each other?
No, they share similar characteristics though but carry different alleles of the same gene.
What are genes in regards to DNA?
They are areas of DNA that contain specific information.
What are alleles?
Slightly different versions of the same gene on homologous chromosomes.
What is a location of the gene on a DNA called?
Locus
What is a diploid cell? Haploid? Polyploid?
Diploid cells have two sets of homologous chromosomes. Haploids have one set and polyploids have more than 2 sets.
What type of cell are used for karyotypes?
Stained chromosomes from a dividing cell.
What does a karyotype check for?
Differences/abnormalities which could infer a genetic disorder.
What are the three phases of the interphase stage? What is another name of the interphase stage?
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase. Another name for the interphase stage is growth stage.
What happens in the G1, S and G2 phase? Describe the state the DNA is in for each.
G1=cell growth (organelle replication) The DNA is 46 single strands of chromatin.
S/Syntehsis phase = DNA is replicated The DNA is 46 double strands of chromatin.
G2= second growth stage which rebuilds energy reserves and prepares the cell for division. Cell manufactures proteins and materials for cell division. DNA is in the chromosome state.
