cell division Flashcards
interphase
-synthesising ATP
-making new organelles
-carrying out protein synthesis
-REPLICATING DNA
-increasing in size
prophase
-chromosomes condense and form sister chromatids joined by centromere
- nuclear membrane disintegrates and chromosomes are free
-spindle fibres form made by centrioles
-centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell
metaphase
-spindle completes
-microtubules go from one side of the cell to the other
-chromosomes move to the equator of the cell and attach to spindle fibres by centromere
anaphase
-spindle fibres shorten and pulls chromatids apart from the centromere.
-moves to opposite sides of the cell
-chromatids become chromosomes again
telophase
-chromosomes uncoil
-spindle fibres dissolve
-new nuclear membranes form
cytokinesis
chromatin
unwound single structure chromosomes
DNA wrapped around histone proteins
homologous pairs
Chromosomes come in pairs that are not genetically identical (one donated from mother and the other from father). However they are homologous because they are similar in shape, size and carry the same genes in the same order, however, the alleles can be different.
centromere
The point in which two identical DNA molecules join after DNA replication
Diploid cells
chromosomes are paired in cells formed in mitosis and meiosis
haploid
Chromosomes that are unpaired (gametes and some other cell types) only formed through mitosis
sister chromatids
formed in DNA replication (genetically identical and joined at the centromere)
interphase info
G1- cell grows and carrys out it’s function
S- DNA replicates
G2- cell grows and prepares for mitosis
