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General Biology > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell division which major purpose is to growth and to replace worn out cells

A

Mitosis

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2
Q

Mitos means _______

A

warp thread

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3
Q

Who coined the term mitosis in the year 1882?

A

Walther Flemming

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4
Q

What are the alternative names for mitosis?

A

Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis

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5
Q

• equational division
• 1887

A

August FreidrichWeismann

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6
Q

How many daughter cells does mitosis produce?

A

2 daughter cells

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7
Q

Are the daughter cells and parent cells genetically identical to each other?

A

Yes

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8
Q

How many chromosomes does each cell have?

A

43 Chromosomes

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9
Q

How many PAIRS of chromosomes does each cell have?

A

23 pairs of chromosomes

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10
Q

How many times does a parent cell undergo mitosis?

A

Once

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11
Q

How many division does mitosis have?

A

4 division

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12
Q

The 4 division of Mitosis

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

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13
Q

Responsible for holding the sister chromatids together

A

Centromere

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14
Q

Parts of Chromosomes

A

p arm, q arm, telomere

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15
Q

Is defined as the division of the nucleus during the M phase of the cell cycle

A

Karyokinesis

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16
Q

Where do spindle fibers attach?

A

Kinetochore

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17
Q

is a cell or organism that has just a single copy of each chromosome.

A

Haploid or monoploid

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18
Q

in this phase:
- nucleus disappears
- spindle fiber forms in the cytoplasm
- spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids
- there is a complete migration of centrioles in the opposite poles of a cell
- chromatin condenses into chromosomes

A

Prophase

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19
Q

in this phase:
- chromosomes, attached to the kinetochore fibers, move to the center of the cell
- chromosomes align at the center of the cell called the equatorial plate

A

Metaphase

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20
Q

in this phase:
- the spindle fiber disassembles
- nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids
- nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear
- chromosomes decondenses to chromatin

A

Telophase

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21
Q

sister chromatids pulled apart to the opposite poles of the cell due to the shortening of spindle fiber and this phase occur rapidly

A

Anaphase

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22
Q

Division of cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

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23
Q

in this phase:
- cleavage furrow are form, from a parent cell it will produce two haploid daughter cell which is genetically identical to the parent cell

A

Cytokinesis

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24
Q
  • have the same number of chromosomes as each other and as the parent cell from which they were formed
  • identical to each other but smaller than the parent cell
  • must grow in size to become mature cells (gap one of interface)
A

daughter cells of mitosis

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25
Q
  • used for growth and repair
  • produce two new cells identical to the original cells
  • cells are diploid
A

eukaryotic cell division

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26
Q

cause cancerous tumors

A

uncontrolled mitosis

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27
Q
  • special proteins that increase the chance that a normal cell develop into a tumor cell
  • produce cancer cell
A

oncogens

28
Q

type of cell where the process mitosis occur

A

somatic cell

29
Q

type of cell where the process of meiosis occur

A

gametic cells

30
Q

number of cell division in mitosis

A

one

31
Q

number of cell division in meiosis

A

two

32
Q

number of chromosomes in parent cell and daughter cell in mitosis

A

diploid number of chromosome in both parent and daughter cell

33
Q

number of chromosomes in parent and daughter cell in meiosis

A

diploid number in parent cell but haploid number in 4 daughter cell

34
Q

stages or phases in meiosis

A

meiotic first division, meiotic second division

35
Q

final product of mitosis

A

two deployed cell that are totally identical

36
Q

final product of meiosis

A

four haploid cells that are non identical because of recombination of genes in gametes

37
Q

process of cell division that produces haploid gametes

A

meiosis

38
Q

also called as the reduction division

A

meiosis

39
Q

he is a german biologist that discover and describe meiosis for the first time in sea urchin eggs in 1876

A

Oscar Hertwig

40
Q

a british cytologist who found different numbers of chromosomes in different cells

A

Pierre-Joseph van Beneden

41
Q

contain two copies of each chromosome (one from the sperm one from the egg) called as the homologous chromosome

A

zygote

42
Q

True or False
gametes contain half the number of chromosome compared to somatic cells (non reproductive cell or cell bodies)

A

True

43
Q

fussion of gametes

A

fertilization

44
Q

XY

A

Male

45
Q

XX

A

female

46
Q

number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

A

Ploidy level

47
Q

how many chromosomes do haploid cells have?

A

23 chromosomes

48
Q

how many chromosomes does diploid cells have?

A

46 chromosomes

49
Q
  • process of duplicating a chromosome
  • prior to division
A

Replication

50
Q

lack of chromosome

A

monosomy

51
Q

has excess chromosome

A

trisomy

52
Q

unique features of meiosis

A

synapsis, crossing over, and reduction division

53
Q

in this feature of meiosis the homologous chromosome pair all along their length and form a tetrad

A

feature #1: synapsis

54
Q

in this feature of meiosis there is an exchange of genetic material from homologous chromosomes, this causes genetic variations

A

Feature #2: Crossing Over

55
Q

in this feature of meiosis each cell contains 1/2 the genetic material

A

Feature #3: Reduction Division

56
Q

stages of prophase 1

A

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

57
Q

In this stage of Prophase 1:
- leptonema
- chromosomes condenses into long threads
- two sister chromatids are tightly bound
- flower bouquet phase

A

Leptotene

58
Q

In this stage of Prophase 1:
- zygonema
- forms tetrad
- synopsis or syndesis
- bivalent
- synaptonemal complex

A

Zygotene

59
Q

Pair of homologous chromosome lying together

A

Bivalent

60
Q

This is formed in between two homologous chromosomes

A

Synaptonemal Complex

61
Q

In this stage of Prophase 1:
- dyads
- crossing over
- breakage and reunion of chromatid segments mediated by the endonuclecase and ligase
responsible for the origin of new species and does leads to evolution
- pachynema

A

Pachytene

62
Q

In this stage of Prophase 1:
- disjunction
- chiasmata

A

Diplotene

63
Q

homologous chromosomes start separating

A

disjunction

64
Q
  • clearly visible as X shape
  • sites where the crossing over occur during pachytene
  • helps in holding homologous chromosome
A

Chiasmata

65
Q

displacement of chiasmata toward the terminal position

A

terminalization

66
Q
  • shortest phase of meiosis
  • homologous chromosomes align at the center of the cell
  • spindle fiber attach at the kinetochore
A

Metaphase 1

67
Q
  • separation of the homologous chromosomes
  • moves towards the opposite poles
  • separate due to shortening of spindle fiber
  • actual reduction of chromosomes take place
  • this phase of meiosis corresponds to Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment
  • introduces Genetic Variability
A

Anaphase 1

General Biology (1 decks)

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