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Biology > cell division > Flashcards

cell division Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

dna & chromosomes

what is dna? what does it do?

A

genetic information.
tells instructions to organisms.

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2
Q

dna & chromosomes

what are chromosomes? what are they made of?

A

a molecule.
made of one long molecule of dna.

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3
Q

dna & chromosomes

how many INDIVIDUAL chromosomes does the human body have?

A

46

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4
Q

dna & chromosomes

how many PAIRS of chromosomes does the human body have?

A

23

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5
Q

dna & chromosomes

what are the 23rd pair of chromosomes called?

A

sex chromosomes

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6
Q

dna & chromosomes

what is a section of dna called?

A

genes

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7
Q

dna & chromosomes

where are chromosomes found?

A

in the nucleus

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8
Q

stem cells

what is a stem cell?

A

an unspecialised cell that does not yet perform a specific function

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9
Q

stem cells

3 types of stem cells?

A

merister stem cells
adult stem cells
embroyonic stem cells

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10
Q

stem cells

where are merister stem cells found in?

A

tips of roots & shoots in plants

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11
Q

stem cells

where are adult stem cells found in?

A

bone marrow

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12
Q

stem cells

where are embroyonic stem cells found in?

A

human embryos

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13
Q

stem cells

name 2 advantages of adult stem cells.

A

tested- reliable technique.
patient is given consent.

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14
Q

stem cells

name 2 disadvantages of adult stem cells.

A

risk of infection.
painful

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15
Q

stem cells

name 2 advantages of embryonic stem cells.

A

painless.
treat many diseases.

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16
Q

stem cells

name 2 disadvantages of embryonic stem cells.

A

causes harm/death.
risk- cells can grow out of control.

17
Q

the cell cycle

how many stages are there in the cell cycle?

A

3

18
Q

the cell cycle

what is stage 1? what happens?

A

growth & dna replication.
dna is copied forming 2 copies of each chromosome.

19
Q

the cell cycle

what is stage 2? what happens?

A

mitosis.
a set of each chromosome is pulled to either side of the dividing cell.

20
Q

the cell cycle

what is stage 3? what happens?

A

cell splits.
2 genetically identical cells are formed.

21
Q

the cell cycle

give 3 reasons why cells divide.

A

growth
repair
reproduction

22
Q

what is the cause of cell division?

A

binary fission

23
Q

the cell cycle

what is diploid?

A

when a cell has 2 copies of each chromosome

Di=2

24
Q

the cell cycle

what is haploid?

A

when a cell has 1 copy of each chromosome

Ha=1

25
Q

dna & chromosomes

waht are the female and male sex chromosomes?

A

female-xx
male-xy

Biology (5 decks)

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