Cell Division Flashcards
Cell division
Process when a cell divides into 2 new cells
3 reasons why cells divide
-growth(size is limited)
-repairing damaged tissue
-reproduction, asexual and sexual
Original cells are called
Parent cells
New cells are called
Daughter cells
Before cells can divide what do they have to duplicate so that each daughter cell gets a complete set of genetic information
DNA 🧬
In non dividing cells DNA 🧬 appears as what
Chromatin which are long thread like structures 🪡
In dividing cells DNA 🧬 appears as what
Chromosomes which are tightly coiled and short structures
To condense DNA wraps around proteins called
Histones
diploids
The 46 chromosomes human cells have
gametes
Reproductive cells of animals 🐵 and plants 🪴
What are sister chromatids held together by
Centromeres
If DNA 🧬 is damaged what can happen to the cell
The cell can lose their ability to control their rate of division
Cells dividing uncontrollably causes
Cancer
Why can cells only grow so big
-DNA is needed for the cells needs
-as cells become bigger the volume increases. The cell needs more nutrients and produces more waste. There isn’t enough surface area to transport things in and out of the cell fast enough to meet the cells needs
Reproduction
Production of a new offspring
Effect on heart muscle cells and neurons unable to divide
-can’t be regenerated by mitosis
-if heart muscle cells are damaged heart may not pump blood well
-if neurons are damaged part of the brain impairs a person
Asexual reproduction
Creation of an offspring from a single parent
Binary fission
How most prokaryotes reproduce
How are DNA and chromosomes related
Chromosomes are condensed DNA
Mitosis and meiosis differences
Mitosis
-produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells from axial reproduction (1 single parent)
Meiosis
-produces 4 genetically unique cells different from the parent cells, contains 1/2 of DNA
Both meiosis and mitosis
-start with diploid
-both divide
