Cell Division

Question 1

What do you understand by cell cycle

Answer 1

Cell Cycle is the events or processes when a mature single cell passes to divide into 2 new cells

Question 2

The two types of cell division are

Answer 2

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 3

Does Interphase happen before mitosis and meiosis

Answer 3

Yes it does

Question 4

What are the stages of Interphase

Answer 4

G1 or Gap 1 phase
Synthetic (S)phase
G2 or Gap 2 phase

Question 5

What happens in the G1 phase

Answer 5

-More organelles are formed
-synthesize proteins and enzymes
-Repairing any cell that has damage

Question 6

What happens in the S phase in Interphase

Answer 6

DNA is replicated

Question 7

What happens in the G2 phase

Answer 7

Regulation of Cell growth

Question 8

In Interphase DNA is replicated T or F

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Chromosomes are counted by the number of

Answer 9

Centromeres present

Question 10

What is a centromere?

Answer 10

A part of a chromosome that holds sister chromatids together

Question 11

After interphase how many chromosome and chromatids are present

Answer 11

46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids

Question 12

What is a chromatid

Answer 12

A strand of replicated(identical) chromosome

Question 13

Cells that go back to the G1 phase in the cell cycle are called

Answer 13

Labile cells(proliferative cells) eg skin cell,GI tract cells,urinary tract cells,hematopoetic stem cells in the red bone marrow

Question 14

Cells that are resting G0 phase and do not go through the cell cycle unless a stimuli or growth factor is involved is

Answer 14

Stable cells eg liver cells(Hepatocytes) cells in the pancreas,epithelium of kidney tubules

Question 15

Cells that do not go through the cell cycle again (GI, S and G2 and Mitotic phase are

Answer 15

Permanent cells eg neuron cells,skeletal muscle cells,cardiac muscle cells

Question 16

5 difference between MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

Answer 16

In MITOSIS two daughter cells are formed while in MEIOSIS four daughter cells are formed
Mitosis occurs in somatic/body cell while in Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells(sperm and eggs)
Mitosis occurs in only one stage
Meiosis occurs in two stages which are Meiosis 1 &2
In Mitosis the two daughter cells are identical while in Meiosis the four daughters cells are genetically different
In Mitosis they have the same number of chromosomes with the parent cell while in meiosis they have different number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell
In Mitosis it occurs in all living things except virus while in Meiosis it occurs in animals plants and fungi

Question 17

Mitosis is divided into 4 stages which are

Answer 17

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Acronym(PMAT

Question 18

Meiosis is divided into 8 stages which are

Answer 18

Prophase 1&2
Metaphase 1&2
Anaphase 1&2
Telophase 1&2

Question 19

What happens in prophase 1 in meiosis 1

Answer 19

Crossing over occurs

Question 20

What happens in Metaphase 1 in meiosis

Answer 20

The chromosomes are going to be in pairs in the middle of the cell

Question 21

In Meiosis 1 what happens in the Anaphase 1

Answer 21

The chromosomes are being pulled away

Question 22

In meiosis 1 what happens in the Telophase 1

Answer 22

2 new cells are formed

Question 23

In Meiosis 2 what happens in the anaphase 2

Answer 23

The chromatids are being pulled away

Question 24

In Meisos 2 what happens in the Telophase 2

Answer 24

4 new cells are formed

Question 25

After Meiosis 1 how many chromosomes and chromatids are present

Answer 25

23 chromosomes and 46 chromatids

Question 26

After Meiosis 2 how many chromosomes and chromatids are present

Answer 26

23 chromosomes and 23 chromatids

Question 27

The ends of a chromosome are called

Answer 27

Telomere

Question 28

What protein structure associated with duplicated sister chromatids where the spindle fibers attach during cell division that help to pull the sister chromatids apart in anaphase

Answer 28

Kinetochore

Question 29

The protein that connects the sister chromatids together is

Answer 29

Cohesin