Cell Division Flashcards
he said that “cells comes from pre-existing cell”
Rudolf Virchow
division of cells and its contents into two or more cells
cell division
why is it important for cell division to occur?
replace, repair, and reproduce
it is the preparatory stage before cell division
interphase
rapid growth of newly produced cells
creation of copies of organelles and molecular building blocks
G1 phase (first gap)
centrioles replicate
DNA replicates, producing 2 identical chromatids
S phase (synthesis)
grows more
makes more proteins and organelles
G2 phase (second gap)
reorganization of cell contents
G2 phase (growth gap 2)
cell size, nutrients, DNA integrity
G1 Checkpoint
DNA integrity, complete DNA replication
G2 Checkpoint
ensures that irreparable cells will not divide
apoptosis
chromosome alignment and attachment to spindle fibers
M checkpoint or spindle checkpoint
a type of cell division in which one parent cell divides to produce two new cells (daughter cells)
mitosis
production of 2 daughter cells that has same number of chromosomes
the 2 daughter cells are genetically identical
mitosis
produces body cells or somatic cells
mitosis
chromosomes start to condense
formation of spindle fiber
nucleolus disappears
early prophase
nuclear membrane disappears
spindle fibers bind to chromosomes at the kinetochore
prophase
nuclear envelope breaks down
chromosomes fully condensed
late prophase (prometaphase)
alignment of chromosomes in the metaphase plate
metaphase
spindle fibers shorten and pull the sister chromatids in the opposite poles
anaphase
spindle fibers breaks down
nuclear envelope starts to form
chromosomes start to uncoil
nucleolus forms
telophase
division of the cytoplasm
cytokinesis
cytokinesis in animals can form?
cleavage furrow
cytokinesis in plants can form?
cell plate
type of cell division involved in the production of gametes
meiosis
reproductive/sex/germ cells
gametes
contains half number of chromosomes as the normal body cells (haploid)
gametes
produces 4 daughter cells that has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
meiosis
produces four unidentical daughter cells
meiosis
condensation of chromosomes and formation of spindle fibers
nuclear membrane disappears
homologous chromosomes pair with each other
crossing over of homologous chromosomes
spindle fibers attach to the homologous chromosomes
prophase 1
the paired homologous chromosomes align to the metaphase plate
metaphase 1
homologous chromosomes separate and move toward the opposite poles
anaphase 1
chromosomes reach the opposite poles and followed by cytokinesis
telophase 1
the period between 2 sets of meiotic division
interkinesis
chromosomes condense
nuclear envelope disappears (if needed)
spindle fiber forms and attaches to chromosomes
prophase 2
chromosomes/sister chromatids align in metaphase plate
metaphase 2
sister chromatids separate and are pulled toward the opposite poles
anaphase 2
chromosomes uncoil
nuclear envelope forms
cytokinesis will follow
telophase 2
