Cell Division Flashcards
What is a Chromosome?
A chromosome is a continuous piece of DNA
which contains the genetic information of a cell.
What is a Chromatin?
It is the building block of chromosome which
consists of DNA and proteins.
What is a Centriole?
It is a type of microtubules.
What is a Centrosome?
When two centrioles arrange themselves
perpendicularly, they form centrosome.
What is a Centromere?
It is the constricted region of a chromosome that
holds the sister chromatids together.
What is a Chromatid?
It is a one strand of chromosome after it has
duplicated for cellular division.
What is Asexual Reproduction?
creation of offspring from a single parent.
What is Binary Fission?
Division that forms two new genetically identical cells.
Prokaryote cells divide by binary fission.
What is Budding?
forms a new organism from a small projection growing on the surface of the parent.
What is Fragmentation?
splitting of the parent into pieces that each grow into a new organism.
What is the cell cycle?
regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division.
What are the 2 important internal factors of cell regulation?
Kinases
Cyclins
What is Apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
What causes Apoptosis?
- a cell’s production of self-destructive enzymes
- development of infants such as in between fingers; to get rid of webbed fingers.
What is cell differentation?
-development of cells into their mature form.
What are stem cells?
unique body cells that are undifferentiated.
Stem cells have the ability to?
- divide and renew themselves
- remain undifferentiated
- develop into a variety of specialized cells
Stem cells are classified into which 3 groups?
Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Give an example of each type of stem cell.
Totipotent- sperm or egg cell
Pluripotent- embryonic stem cell
Multipotent-adult stem cell
What do each stem cell give rise to?
Totipotent cells- give rise to a new organism
Pluripotent cells- give rise to neurons, skin, muscles, kidney, cartilage
Multipotent- give rise to RBCs, platelets, WBC
What are the uses of stem cells?
- to treat leukemia, and lymphoma
- cure diseases or replace damaged organs
What is Meiosis?
The process of cell division that results in 4 haploid cells
What is Ploidy?
The # of set of chromosomes in a cell
Haploid
Half the number of sets of chromosomes.
Found in reproductive cells (sperm&egg)
Diploid
Two sets of chromosomes
Found in Somatic cells.
What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis happens in somatic cells.
it produces 46 chromosomes and 2 diploid, identical daughter cells.
Meiosis happens in gonadal (reproductive cells)
produces 23 chromosomes & 4 identical, haploid cells
What is a Chiasma?
The point which 2 non-sister chromatids intertwine.
What are non-sister chromatids?
Chromosomes from each parent that code for the same factors.
