Cell Division

Question 1

What is a Chromosome?

Answer 1

A chromosome is a continuous piece of DNA

which contains the genetic information of a cell.

Question 2

What is a Chromatin?

Answer 2

It is the building block of chromosome which

consists of DNA and proteins.

Question 3

What is a Centriole?

Answer 3

It is a type of microtubules.

Question 4

What is a Centrosome?

Answer 4

When two centrioles arrange themselves

perpendicularly, they form centrosome.

Question 5

What is a Centromere?

Answer 5

It is the constricted region of a chromosome that

holds the sister chromatids together.

Question 6

What is a Chromatid?

Answer 6

It is a one strand of chromosome after it has

duplicated for cellular division.

Question 7

What is Asexual Reproduction?

Answer 7

creation of offspring from a single parent.

Question 8

What is Binary Fission?

Answer 8

Division that forms two new genetically identical cells.

Prokaryote cells divide by binary fission.

Question 9

What is Budding?

Answer 9

forms a new organism from a small projection growing on the surface of the parent.

Question 10

What is Fragmentation?

Answer 10

splitting of the parent into pieces that each grow into a new organism.

Question 11

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 11

regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division.

Question 12

What are the 2 important internal factors of cell regulation?

Answer 12

Kinases

Cyclins

Question 13

What is Apoptosis?

Answer 13

Programmed cell death

Question 14

What causes Apoptosis?

Answer 14

• a cell’s production of self-destructive enzymes

- development of infants such as in between fingers; to get rid of webbed fingers.

Question 15

What is cell differentation?

Answer 15

-development of cells into their mature form.

Question 16

What are stem cells?

Answer 16

unique body cells that are undifferentiated.

Question 17

Stem cells have the ability to?

Answer 17

• divide and renew themselves
• remain undifferentiated
• develop into a variety of specialized cells

Question 18

Stem cells are classified into which 3 groups?

Answer 18

Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent

Question 19

Give an example of each type of stem cell.

Answer 19

Totipotent- sperm or egg cell
Pluripotent- embryonic stem cell
Multipotent-adult stem cell

Question 20

What do each stem cell give rise to?

Answer 20

Totipotent cells- give rise to a new organism
Pluripotent cells- give rise to neurons, skin, muscles, kidney, cartilage
Multipotent- give rise to RBCs, platelets, WBC

Question 21

What are the uses of stem cells?

Answer 21

• to treat leukemia, and lymphoma

- cure diseases or replace damaged organs

Question 22

What is Meiosis?

Answer 22

The process of cell division that results in 4 haploid cells

Question 23

What is Ploidy?

Answer 23

The # of set of chromosomes in a cell

Question 24

Haploid

Answer 24

Half the number of sets of chromosomes.

Found in reproductive cells (sperm&egg)

Question 25

Diploid

Answer 25

Two sets of chromosomes

Found in Somatic cells.

Question 26

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

Answer 26

Mitosis happens in somatic cells.
it produces 46 chromosomes and 2 diploid, identical daughter cells.

Meiosis happens in gonadal (reproductive cells)
produces 23 chromosomes & 4 identical, haploid cells

Question 27

What is a Chiasma?

Answer 27

The point which 2 non-sister chromatids intertwine.

Question 28

What are non-sister chromatids?

Answer 28

Chromosomes from each parent that code for the same factors.