Cell Division Flashcards
Give the 4 phases of the cell cycle and explain what happens
Growth 1 – New organelles and proteins made
Synthesis – DNA replicates, chromosomes become X-shaped
Growth 2 – Cell continues to grow and make proteins
Mitosis – Cell divides into 2 genetically identical daughter cells
What is the collective term for the phases other than mitosis?
Interphase
What provides the energy for cell division?
ATP
During which phase do the centromeres split and the chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
Describe what happens in prophase
DNA supercoils into chromosomes with 2 chromatids
Nuclear envelope breaks down
What is cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm dividing
What is meant by mitotic index?
Proportion of cells undergoing mitosis
How can you identify a cell undergoing mitosis?
no nucleus and visible chromosomes
When making a root tip squash why is it important not to slide the coverslip sideways?
no damage to chromosomes
What is the purpose of an eyepiece graticule?
lines against which to measure the specimen at different magnifications
What is the purpose of a stage micrometer?
measures the distance between each line on the eyepiece graticule. (This will alter at different magnifications)
What is the DNA known as firstly during interphase and then mitosis?
Chromatin/Chromosomes
What is the purpose of spindle fibres
Attach to centromere and pull chromatids to opposite poles
Why are only the tips of onion roots used in a root tip squash?
mitosis only happens here
What is the term for bacteria dividing?
Binary Fission
