Cell Differentiation And Specialisation Pg.14 🩵

Question 1

Specialised cells are cells that carry out a ______ _______.

Answer 1

Specific function.

Question 2

The process by which cells change to become specialised is called ______.

Answer 2

Differentiation.

Question 3

As cells change, they develop different ________ ________. They turn into different ______ __ _____. This allows them to carry out _________ ________.

Answer 3

Subcellular structures.
Types of cells.
Specific functions.

Question 4

Most differentiation occurs as an organism _______.

Answer 4

Develops.

Question 5

Most animal cells can only differentiate at an _______ ______ of the animals life.

Answer 5

Early stage.

Question 6

But lots of plant cells can differentiate for the ______ of the plants life.

Answer 6

Whole.

Question 7

The cells that differentiate in adult animals are mainly used for ________ and _________ ______.

Answer 7

Repairing and replacing cells.

Question 8

Some cells are undifferentiated - they are called _______ _____.

Answer 8

Stem cells.

Question 9

Sperm cells take the ______ _____ to the egg.

Answer 9

Male DNA.

Question 10

A sperm cell has a ____ to help it swim to the egg.

Answer 10

Tail.

Question 11

Sperm cells have lots of ________. These provide ______ for swimming.

Answer 11

Mitochondria.
Energy.

Question 12

Nerve cells carry _________ _______ around the body.

Answer 12

Electrical signals.

Question 13

Nerve cells are _____ to cover ____ distance in the body.

Answer 13

Long.
More.

Question 14

Nerve cells have _______ at the end to _______ to other nerve cells.

Answer 14

Branches.
Connect.

Question 15

Muscle cells ______ (shorten).

Answer 15

Contract.

Question 16

Muscle cells are _____ so they have space to _______.

Answer 16

Long.
Contract.

Question 17

Muscle cells have lots of ________. These provide _____ for contracting.

Answer 17

Mitochondria.
Energy.

Question 18

Root hair cells absorb ______ and ______.

Answer 18

Water and minerals.

Question 19

Root hair cells grow into long _____ that stick out into the soil.

Answer 19

Hairs.

Question 20

This gives the plant a big _______ _____ for absorbing water and _______ _____ from the soil.

Answer 20

Surface area.
Mineral ions.

Question 21

Phloem cells transport _____ and xylem cells transport _____.

Answer 21

Food.
Water.

Question 22

Phloem and xylem cells form phloem and xylem ______.

Answer 22

Tubes.

Question 23

To form the tubes, the cells are ______ and joined _____ __ _____.

Answer 23

Long.
End to end.

Question 24

Xylem cells are ______ and phloem cells have _____ ____ subcellular structures. So there’s lots of space inside the cells for stuff to _____ ______ them.

Answer 24

Hollow.
Very few.
Flow through.

Question 25

Describe how a root hair cell is specialised for its function.

Answer 25

The cell has a hair like shape which gives it a large surface are to absorb water and minerals from the soil.