Cell Differentiation Flashcards
The information about cell differentiation (31 cards)
During the development of an organism, cells _____ into many types of cells
differentiate
All organisms start life as just _____ cell
one
Most multicellular organisms pass through an early stage of development called an _____, which gradually develops into an adult organism
embryo
During _____, an organism’s cells become more differentiated and specialized for particular functions
development
The process by which cells become _____ is known as _____.
specialized; differentiation
During development, cells differentiate into many different types and become specialized to _____ _____ _____.
perform certain tasks
Differentiated cells carry out the _____ that multicellular organisms need to stay alive
jobs
In some organisms, a cell’s _____ is determined at a specific point in development
role
Cell differentiation in mammals is controlled by a number of interacting factors in the _____
embryo
_____ cells generally reach a point at which their differentiation is complete and they can no longer become other types of cells
Adult
The unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop are known as _____ _____
stem cells
One of the most important questions in biology is how all of the specialized, differentiated cell types in the body are formed from just a _____ _____
single cell
Biologists say that a cell that is literally able to do everything, to form all the tissues of the body is _____
totipotent
Only the _____ _____ and the cells produced by the first few cell divisions of embryonic development are truly totipotent
fertilized egg
After about four days of development, a human embryo forms into a _____, a hollow ball of cells with a cluster of cells inside known as the inner cell mass.
blastocyst
The cells of the inner cell mass are said to be _____, which means that they are capable of developing into many, but not all, of the cell’s body types
pluripotent
Stem cells are _____ - cells from which differentiated cells can develop
unspecialized
What are the two types of stem cells?
Embryonic and adult
_____ stem cells are found in the inner cells mass of the early embryo
Embryonic
True or False: Embryonic cells are totipotent
False: they are pluripotent
Why are embryonic stem cells better for regenerative science?
Embryonic stem cells have the capacity to produce most of the cell types in the human body
Adult organisms contain _____ types of stem cells
some
Adult stem cells are _____. They can produce many types of differentiated cells
multipotent
Adult stem cells of a given organ or tissue typically produce only the types of cells that are unique to that _____
tissue