Cell Death and Renewal Flashcards
1
Q
- Humans possess about _______ different cell types.
a. 100
b. 200
c. 500
d. 1000
e. 2000
A
b. 200
2
Q
- In adult organisms, cell death must be balanced by cell
a. growth.
b. differentiation.
c. renewal.
d. migration.
e. All of the above
A
e. All of the above
3
Q
- The distinct series of changes that characterizes programmed cell death is called
a. necrosis.
b. sepsis.
c. apoptosis.
d. execution.
e. lysis
A
c. apoptosis.
4
Q
- During development, 50% of neurons die; those that survive are those that
a. generated axons.
b. received epithelial growth factor.
c. made correct connections with their target cells.
d. did not receive an extracellular cell death signal.
e. lacked the cell death pathway proteins.
A
d. did not receive an extracellular cell death signal
5
Q
- Which of the following events is not part of apoptosis?
a. Fragmenting of chromosomal DNA
b. Fragmenting of the nucleus
c. Fragmenting of the cell
d. Lysis of cell fragments and release of their contents
e. All of the above are part of apoptosis
A
e. All of the above are part of apoptosis
6
Q
- Cells that die as the result of acute injury undergo
a. lysis.
b. sepsis.
c. apoptosis.
d. execution.
e. narcolepsy
A
d. execution.
7
Q
7. Apoptotic cells produce “eat me” signals, which include \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of cell surface \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. loss; carbohydrates b. loss; phosphatidylserines c. gain; phosphatidylserines d. gain; phosphatidylethanolamines e. gain; carbohydrates
A
c. gain; phosphatidylserines
8
Q
- The gene ced-3 of C. elegans codes for a proteolytic enzyme that is a(n)
a. serine protease.
b. chymotrypsin.
c. ubiquitin-targeted protease.
d. caspase.
e. calcium-activated protease
A
d. caspase.
9
Q
- Ced-9 functions directly to _______ Ced- _______.
a. inhibit; 3
b. inhibit; 4
c. stimulate; 3
d. stimulate; 4
e. stimulate; 6
A
b. inhibit; 4
10
Q
- An apoptosome is a complex containing multiple subunits of
a. Apaf-1.
b. Apaf-1 and caspase-9.
c. Apaf-1 and caspase-3.
d. Apaf-1, caspase-9, and cytochrome c.
e. Apaf-1, caspase-9, cytochrome c, and caspase-3.
A
d. Apaf-1, caspase-9, and cytochrome c.
11
Q
- Effector caspases cleave
a. nuclear lamins.
b. cytoskeletal proteins.
c. DNase inhibitor.
d. only other caspases.
e. a, b, and c
A
e. a, b, and c
12
Q
12. Many stimuli that trigger cell death release the molecule \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from mitochondria to bind to Apaf-1. a. ATP synthase b. citric acid c. ubiquinone d. cytochrome c e. succinate
A
d. cytochrome c
13
Q
- Members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins are
a. all caspases.
b. all proapoptotic.
c. all antiapoptotic.
d. either antiapoptotic or proapoptotic.
e. neither antiapoptotic nor proapoptotic.
A
c. all antiapoptotic.
14
Q
- Bax and Bak act by
a. interacting with Apaf-1 to initiate a proapoptotic signal.
b. interacting with Ced-9 to initiate a proapoptotic signal.
c. forming oligomers in the mitochondrial outer membrane that release cytochrome c.
d. interacting with Apaf-1 to block an apoptotic signal.
e. interacting with caspase-9 to form an apoptosome.
A
c. forming oligomers in the mitochondrial outer membrane that release cytochrome c.
15
Q
15. The key protein in “deciding” whether a cell with DNA damage should delay its cell cycle or undergo apoptosis is a. Akt. b. pRB. c. p53. d. p15. e. mTOR
A
c. p53.
16
Q
- Grim and Reaper act by _______ the activity of _______.
a. stimulating; inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs)
b. inhibiting; inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs)
c. inhibiting; apoptosomes
d. inhibiting; caspase-3
e. stimulating; Bad
A
b. inhibiting; inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs)
17
Q
17. A major pathway that signals cell survival and inhibits cell death is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pathway. a. PI 3-kinase/Akt b. Hedgehog c. TNF d. Wnt e. BH3
A
a. PI 3-kinase/Akt
18
Q
- Which of the following is phosphorylated by Akt?
a. Bad
b. p53
c. FOXO
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
A
a. Bad
19
Q
- Most cells in adult animals are in the _______ stage of the cell cycle.
a. G1
b. G2
c. S
d. G0
e. M
A
d. G0
