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cell cycle > Cell Cycle Vocabulary > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cells

A

cell cycle

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2
Q

process by which a cell divides it nucleus and contents

A

mitosis

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3
Q

the process that divides the cell cytoplasm

A

cytokinesis

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4
Q

one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information.

A

chromosome

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5
Q

proteins that organize chromosomes and around which DNA wraps

A

histone

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6
Q

loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase

A

chromatin

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7
Q

one half of duplicated chromosome

A

chromatid

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8
Q

region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attached during meiosis and mitosis

A

centromere

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9
Q

repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the lose of genes

A

telomere

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10
Q

first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the centromes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell

A

prophase

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11
Q

second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosome along the cell equator

A

metaphase

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12
Q

third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

A

anaphase

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13
Q

last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble

A

telophase

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14
Q

common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division

A

cancer

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15
Q

having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous

A

benign

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16
Q

cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism’s health

A

malignant

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17
Q

substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer

A

carcinogen

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18
Q

process by which off spring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes.

A

a sexual reproduction

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19
Q

asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two equal parts

A

binary fission

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20
Q

to spread by transferring a dis-case-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body

A

metastasize

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21
Q

cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs except gametes

A

somatic cell

22
Q

sex cell an egg or a sperm cell

A

gamete

23
Q

chromosomes that have the same length, appearance, and copies of genes, although the alleles may differ

A

homologous chromosome

24
Q

chromosome that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism

A

autosome

25
Q

chromosome that directly controls the development of sexual characteristics.

A

sex chromosome

26
Q

process by which two gametes fuse; and offspring that are genetic mixture of both parents are produced.

A

sexual reproduction

27
Q

fusion of an egg and sperm cell

A

fertilization

28
Q

cells that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from a sperm

A

diploid

29
Q

cell that has only one copy of each chromosome

A

haploid

30
Q

form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells; important in forming gametes for reproduction

A

meiosis

31
Q

male gamete

A

sperm

32
Q

female gamete

A

egg

33
Q

haploid cell produced during meiosis in the females of many species; these cells have little more than DNA and eventually disintergrate

A

polar body

34
Q

The 3 parts of the cell cycle are

A

interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

35
Q

The 3 phases of interphase are

A

G1, S, and G2

36
Q

The steps of mitosis in order are

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

37
Q

The female sex chromosomes are

A

XX

38
Q

The male chromosomes are

A

XY

39
Q

The female gamete is

A

egg

40
Q

The male gamete is

A

sperm

41
Q

Sex cells are also known as

A

gametes

42
Q

body cells are also know as

A

somatic cells

43
Q

sex cells are made during

A

meiosis

44
Q

body cells are made during

A

mitosis

45
Q

There are _______ chromosomes in the somatic celss of a human

A

46

46
Q

The are _________chromosomes in the sex cells or gametes of a human.

A

23

47
Q

Somatic cells are

A

diploid

48
Q

Gametes or sex cells are

A

haploid

49
Q

a picture of an organism’s entire set of chromosomes

A

karyotype

50
Q

the exchanging of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes

A

crossing over

cell cycle (1 decks)

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