Cell Cycle Vocab.

Question 0

Bacteriophage

Answer 0

Virus that infects bacteria (used in the discovery of DNA is the genetic material)

Question 1

Anaphase

Answer 1

The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles.

Question 2

Base pairing

Answer 2

Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine

Question 3

Cancer

Answer 3

Disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth

Question 4

Cell cycle

Answer 4

Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide (life cycle)

Question 5

Cell division

Answer 5

The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Question 6

Centriole

Answer 6

One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope

Question 7

Centromere

Answer 7

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

Question 8

Chromatid

Answer 8

One of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome

Question 9

Chromatin

Answer 9

Granular material visible within the nucleus, consisting of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

Question 10

Chromosome

Answer 10

Threadlike structure formed from tightly coiled DNA during cell division

• replicated- has its sister chromatid attached to it at centromere
• unreplicated- single-stranded DNA

Question 11

Cyclin

Answer 11

One of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Question 12

Cytokinesis

Answer 12

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

Question 13

Diploid (2n)

Answer 13

Two sets of chromosomes; occurs in

somatic cells

Question 14

DNA polymerase

Answer 14

Enzyme that “proofreads” new DNA strands during replication to help ensure that there are no changes

Question 15

Haploid (n)

Answer 15

One set of chromosomes; occurs in sex cells

Question 16

Histone

Answer 16

Globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin

Question 17

Homologous pair

Answer 17

In a diploid cell, The chromosome pair that carry codes for the same genes; one from mom, one from dad

Question 18

Interphase

Answer 18

Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

Question 19

Metaphase

Answer 19

Second phase of mitosis during which chromosomes line up along the center of the cell

Question 20

Mitosis

Answer 20

Nuclear division

Question 21

Nucleotide

Answer 21

Monomer of nucleic acid made up of five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine or cytosine in DNA; uracil not thymine in RNA)

Question 22

Prophase

Answer 22

First and longest phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down and centrioles move to the polls in animal cells

Question 23

Replication

Answer 23

Copying process by which a cell duplicates DNA; occurs in S phase of cell cycle

Question 24

Spindle

Answer 24

Fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis

Question 25

Telophase

Answer 25

Fourth and final phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes begin to uncoil and a new nuclear membrane forms

Question 26

Transformation

Answer 26

Process by which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria