Cell Cycle Notes Flashcards
many events in ______ occur in cycles: the seasons, the tides, etc. _____ _______ are no exception
nature
Living organisms
One cycle common to most living things is the ___ _____
cell cycle
As the cell goes through the cycle, it will pass through ___ periods: a period of ____ and a period of _____
2 Periods
growth and division
the cell cycle is a sequence of _____
growth
Interphase can be divided into ___ phases
3 phases
G1
S
G2
G1 Phase
During this phase, the cell ____ rapidly and makes ___
______ are being made and _____ are being produced
grows rapidly and makes ATP
proteins are being made and enzymes are being produced
S Phase
During the phase, the cell ___ or replicates its chromosomes (__)
Copies
DNA
G2 Phase
the cell undergoes a second _____ and ____ producing phase.
Mitochondria and organelles are made at this time.
growth and energy
Some cells have a cell cycle that lasts for ___ minutes (bacteria) while other cells have a cell cycle that lasts for ____ hours.
20 minutes
87 hours
a cell spends a good amount of time in ____ getting the cell ready to undergo ____/cell division
interphase
mitosis
most cells are between __ and ___ microns in diameter. a ____ cell is pretty small, with a diameter of just 8 microns.
2 and 200 microns
a Blood cell
_______ of nutrients into the cell and waste out of the cell ____ cell size
diffusion of nutrients
Cell limit cell size
____ limits cell size
DNA
what are the 3 phases of interphase? and what happens during them?
G1 phase
S
G2 phase
out of G1 phase, S and G2 phase, which one lasts the longest?
G1 phase is the longest
Why does the cell need to divide?
they divide because the surface area does not increase as fast as the volume
What causes cancer?
UV lights
Cigarette smoke
Pollution
What is a Gene?
a certain segment of DNA that codes for a certain enzyme or any type of protein is called a gene.
What is mitosis? what is the goal of mitosis?
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
how many phases are in mitosis?
4 stages
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
what is the original chromosome and duplicate called?
Daughter cells
What are spindle fibers? when do they form?
the spindle fibers are a form of protein structure.
spindle fibers form during prophase
if the parent cell had 10 chromosomes, how many will each of the daughter cells have?
5 chromosomes each
Which part of the cell do we find the chromosomes?
Which important molecule is found on the chromosomes?
in the nucleus
Proteins are found on the chromosomes
how many chromosomes do the cells in our body have?
46 chromosomes
what are three ways to lower your risk of having cancer?
A healthy lifestyle
diet that is low in fat and high in fiber
no tobacco
What does prophase do?
during which the nuclear envelope breaks down and strands of chromatin form into chromosomes.
What does metaphase do?
chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate. The stage of cell division in which the duplicated chromosomes become aligned along the center of the cell
what does anaphase do?
Sister chromatids separate, and the now-daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.
what does telophase do?
sister chromatids reach opposite poles. The small nuclear vesicles in the cell begin to re-form around the group of chromosomes at each end.
surface area
__(__x__)
Volume
__x__x__
Surface area to volume ratio
SA/V
