cell cycle & mitosis Flashcards
what happens during mitosis stage?
DNA gets copied, division phase
what happens during interphase?
cell copies it’s DNA and grows for division (DNA is loosely organized during this phase, nucleus identifiable)
what happens during the prophase?
chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane breaks down
what happens in metaphase?
meta - chromosomes MEET in the middle, chromosomes align
what happens during anaphase?
ana - away, sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell
what happens during telophase?
nuclear membrane reforms
what happens during cytokinesis?
cytoplasm splits into new cells
define cell differentiation
the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure and function
define stem cell
a unique type of cell that has the potential to develop into variety cell types (bone, muscle, immune, fat)
define cell specialization
cells are shaped to perform specific functions in the context of the organism; form fits their function
how do we get from stem cells to specialized cells?
through cell differentiation: the specialization of cells occurring during an organism’s development. the difference between cells types of due to selective genes being expressed
define gene regulation
which part of the DNA is activated
define gene expression
which type of protein is created
what are the checkpoints in the cell cycle?
G1, G2, M
what happens in Gap 1 (G1)
cell growth, carry out normal functions and replicated their organelles
