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Pre-AP Biology > Cell cycle and Mitosis Vocabulary > Flashcards

Cell cycle and Mitosis Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Somatic cells

A

the name given to the body cells of an organism that are diploid cells

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2
Q

Sister chromatids

A

The identical halves of a chromosome that are joined by a centromere.

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3
Q

Chromosome

A

The coiled form of DNA and associated proteins that becomes visible during cell division

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4
Q

Haploid

A

Cell containing one set of chromosomes, also referred to as 1N

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5
Q

Diploid

A

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, also referred to as 2N

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6
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

The chromosome X and Y that control secondary sex characteristics including gender

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7
Q

Centromere

A

The restricted region on a chromosome where sister chromatids are held together

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8
Q

Mitosis

A

The type of cell division that divides the nucleus to form two genetically identical cells

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9
Q

Meiosis

A

The type of cell division that divides the nucleus to form four haploid cells with genetic variations

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10
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm that follows telphase in mitosis and meiosis

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11
Q

Autosome

A

The type of chromosomes that control all of the traits of an organism except those traits associated with secondary sex characteristics

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12
Q

Chromatin

A

The form of DNA that consist of long, uncoiled strands present during interphase.

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13
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

The two similar chromosomes of a pair inherited from each parent

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14
Q

Centriole

A

a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus that replicates to produce the spindle fibers for cell division in animal cells

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15
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

the microfilaments in animal cells that contract to divide the cytoplasm at during cytokinesis

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16
Q

cell plate

A

a structure made of vesicles of cellulose between two newly forming plant cells. The _______ will fuse to form a new cell wall

17
Q

Cancer

A

uncontrolled cell division by abnormal cells that may result in a tumor

18
Q

Kinetochore fibers

A

the protein fibers of the spindle apparatus that connect to the centromeres to move sister chromatids

19
Q

Non- Kinetochore fibers

A

the protein fibers that extend from the pole to pole to elongate a cell for cell division

20
Q

Histones

A

The proteins that chromatin (DNA) wraps around to condense to form chromosomes.

Pre-AP Biology (1 decks)

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