Cell cycle and mitosis Flashcards
1
Q
Human carcinogens
A
External factors which cause cancer
2
Q
Proto-oncogene
A
- Gene which acts as a “activator” with cyclin
- Speeds up cycle
3
Q
Tumor-suppressor gene
A
- Suppresses tumors
-Acts as a “inhibitor” with cyclin - Slows down the process
4
Q
Why do cells divide instead of grow?
A
- Volume:Surface area ratio wouldn’t be high enough
- More efficient
- Reproduction for single felled organisms
5
Q
Interphase
A
- Consists of Gap 1, synthesis, gap 2
6
Q
Gap 1
A
- preparing for synthesis
- grow in size
- nutrients and organs
7
Q
Gap 2
A
- prepare for mitosis
- grow in size
8
Q
Chromatin
A
- Readable
- Hard to transport
- Interphase, telophase, and cytokinesis
9
Q
Chromatid
A
- Unreadable
- Portable
- Anaphase
10
Q
Chromosome
A
-Single VS replicated
-Single=chromatid
-Replicated=2 sister chromatids connected by a centromere
-Prophase and Metaphase
11
Q
Centrioles
A
-2 organelles in the cell which appear in prophase
-Release spindle fibers
12
Q
Spindle fibers
A
- Appear in prophase
- Chromosomes line up in the middle of them during metaphase
13
Q
What role does the cell cycle play in cancer?
A
- Uncontrolled cell division
- Ignores checkpoints
- Usually a malfunction in proto-oncogenes/tumor-suppressor genes
14
Q
Cancer stages
A
-Benign: tumor still in one part of cell
-Malignant: tumor spread to multiple parts of the body
15
Q
Metastasis
A
When a tumor is in the malignant stage of cancer
