Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Question 1

What happens during the cell cycle?

Answer 1

One parent cell divides to form two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 2

What happens in the S-phase?

Answer 2

DNA replication (interphase)

Question 3

What happens in G1 and G2?

Answer 3

Interphase

Question 4

What type of division is mitosis?

Answer 4

Nuclear division (division of the nucleus)

Question 5

Define cytokinesis

Answer 5

Eukaryotic cell divides to produce 2 genetically identical daughter cells

Question 6

Process of interphase

Answer 6

G1- protein synthesis, cell grows, organelles replicate
S phase- DNA replication
G2- additional growth

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

• Chromosomes condense and become visible
• Nuclear envelope breaks down
• Spindle forms

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

• Chromosomes line up at equator of cell
• Spindle attaches to centromere

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

Sister chromatids separate at centromere and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

• Spindle disappears and nuclear envelope reforms
• Chromosomes decondense
• Cytokinesis occurs (cell division)

Question 11

Effect of mutations

Answer 11

Causes uncontrolled cell division, leading to formation of tumours and cancers

Question 12

What process to prokaryotes undergo?

Answer 12

Binary fission

Question 13

Process of binary fission

Answer 13

• Circular DNA and plasmids are replicated
• Cytoplasm divides to produce two daughter cells, each with a single copy of circular DNA and a variable number of copies of plasmids