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Bio > Cell cycle and cell division > Flashcards

Cell cycle and cell division Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the three stages of cell cycle?

A

interphase
nuclear division
cell division

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2
Q

what is interphase?

A

the period between divisions

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3
Q

what are the stages of interphase?

A

G1 phase; cells increase in mass
S phase; DNA replicates
G2 phase; cell prepares for division, synthesises and stores ATP and new organelles

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4
Q

what is cytokinesis?

A

cytoplasm divides

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5
Q

can all cells go under cell cycle?

A

no, specialised cells do not undergo cell division
Example; RBCs can not divide to produce more cells, they must be produced by bone marrow cells.

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6
Q

what is a gene?

A

a section of DNA which codes for one specific amino polypeptide

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7
Q

what are intergenic regions?

A

sequence of DNA bases between genes

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8
Q

what is a chromosome

A

a chromosome is an independent DNA molecule which has been supercoiled into a condensed form

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9
Q

what is a centromere

A

identical copies of DNA molecule are attached at a central point called centromere

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10
Q

what ae chromatids?

A

genetically identical copies of DNA molecule made during semi conservative DNA replication

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11
Q

what are histones?

A

proteins that help DNA molecules supercoil

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12
Q

what are homologous chromosomes?

A

chromosomes that have the same genes in the same loci but different alleles of the gene

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13
Q

what is mitosis used for?

A

-growth of organism
-repairing damage cells/tissues
-replacement of worn out cells

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13
Q

what is cytokinesis?

A

in-pinching of the cell membrane to create two genetically identical daughter cells

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13
Q

what happens in prophase?

A
  • nuclear membrane starts to break down
  • centrioles move to opposite poles and form spindle fibres
  • chromosomes supercoil and become visible
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14
Q

what must take place first before mitosis?

A

semi-conservative DNA replication

14
Q

telophase

A
  • nuclear membrane starts to reform around each set of separated chromosomes
  • chromosomes uncoil and become invisible
15
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different version of the same gene

15
Q

metaphase

A
  • chromosomes attach to spindle fibres by their centromeres
  • chromosomes align along the equator of the cell
15
Q

2n=____ in humans/diploid organisms

A

46

15
Q

what is the difference between mitosis and meosis?

A

MITOSIS: gentically identical daughter cells produced
2 diploid daughter cells produced
no crossing over and independent segregation
somatic cells(body cells)

MEIOSIS: genetically different daughter cells produced
4 hapoiud cells produced
cossing over and independent segregation occurs
sex cells(gametes)

15
Q
A
15
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