cell cycle

Question 1

mitosis

Answer 1

occurs in diploids (46 chromosomes)

Question 2

meiosis

Answer 2

occurs in haploids (23 chromosomes)

Question 3

cell life cycle

Answer 3

young cell - cell division - cell growth - cell specialisation - mature cell

Question 4

chromosomes 1-22

Answer 4

homologous (same shape, size, genes, etc)

1 in each pair inherited from each parent

Question 5

chromosomes 23

Answer 5

non-homologous (XX or XY)

Question 6

allele

Answer 6

a different version of the same gene - causes variation e.g. eye colour

Question 7

chromatid

Answer 7

contains DNA and genes

Question 8

centromere

Answer 8

holds sister chromatids together

Question 9

telomere

Answer 9

protective cap on either end of a chromosome

Question 10

interphase

Answer 10

cell prepares for mitosis (3 stages)

Question 11

G1

Answer 11

cell grows, some organelles replicated

Question 12

S

Answer 12

DNA replication

Question 13

G2

Answer 13

cell grows, organelles replicated, energy stores replenished

Question 14

prophase

Answer 14

chromosomes coil and become visible

nuclear envelope dissolves

Question 15

metaphase

Answer 15

chromosomes attach to spindle fibres at the centre of the cell/equator

Question 16

anaphase

Answer 16

centromeres split

chromosomes pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the contraction of spindle fibres

Question 17

telophase

Answer 17

chromosome uncoil and become invisible

nuclear envelope reforms