cell cycle Flashcards
Gamete
a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
Binary fission
Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts to separate entities resembling the original
Gene
a gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that encodes the synthesis of a gene product, either RNA or protein.
Chromosome
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Chromatid
each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
Centromere
structure in a chromosome that holds together the two chromatids
Homologous Chromosome
are made up of chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, for genes with the same corresponding loci
Diploid
containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Haploid
Haploid is the quality of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes. Organisms that reproduce asexually are haploid.
Zygote
a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.
Karyotype
the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells.
Interphase
the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
Mitosis
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Cytokinesis
the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
