Cell cycle

Question 1

Gamete

Answer 1

Sex, or reproductive, cell containing only one set of dissimilar chromosomes, or half the genetic material necessary to form a complete organism.

Question 2

Binary fission

Answer 2

Asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

A chromosome is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes. In most cells, humans have 22 pairs of these chromosomes plus the two sex chromosomes.

Question 5

Chromatid

Answer 5

One of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere.

Question 6

Centromere

Answer 6

The centromere is the point on a chromosome where mitotic spindle fibers attach to pull sister chromatids apart during cell division.

Question 7

Homologous Chromosome

Answer 7

Homologous chromosomes are made up of chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, for genes with the same corresponding loci

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

Diploid describes a cell or nucleus which contains two copies of genetic material, or a complete set of chromosomes, paired with their homologs.

Question 9

Haploid

Answer 9

Haploid is the condition of a cell having a one set of chromosomes. Ploidy refers to the number of copies of the genome.

Question 10

Zygote

Answer 10

Zygote, fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete.

Question 11

Karyotype

Answer 11

Karyotypes describe the chromosome count of an organism and what these chromosomes look like under a light microscope.

Question 12

Cell Cycle

Answer 12

A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. A cell spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division.

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life.

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Question 15

Cytokinesis

Answer 15

Cytoplasmic division begins during or after the late stages of nuclear division in mitosis and meiosis.

Question 16

Cancer

Answer 16

An abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some cases, to metastasize (spread). Cancer is not one disease. It is a group of more than 100 different and distinctive diseases.

Question 17

Meiosis

Answer 17

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.