Cell Cycle Flashcards
What is the cell cycle
Repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during an organism’s life
The longest phase of the cell cyckle
Interphase
What phases of the cell cycle are known as interphase
First growth
Synthesis
Second growth
What happens in G1
Cell doubles in size
Enzyme and organelle numbers double
What happens to cells that don’t divide
They stay in interphase or move to G0
What are the five phases of the cell growth
- first growth
- synthesis
- second growth
- mitosis
- cytokinesis
Cells don’t ___ nonstop
Replicate
Example of cells that sty in G0 or G1 are
Muscle cells and nerve cells
What happens in G2
- centrioles duplicate, microtubules are made, cell continues to grow
- final preparations are made
What phase is when the chromatin, which is made of DNA , replicates
S phase
During cytokinesis animal cells form a protein belt that establishes a
Cleavage furrow
What begins to break down during prophase
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
In multicellular organisms, many cells remain in
Interphase
What are “checkpoints”
Things that trigger or delay phases
What are the steps of mitosis
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
What is the most important checkpoint
G1
What happens in the G1 checkpoint
It decides if the cell will divide
What forms during prophase
Chromosomes
What happens at the mitosis checkpoint
Signals end of mitosis and the start of G1 phase
What phase is where cells spend most of their lives
First growth
During telophase chromatids untie and return to
Chromatin
Where do centrioles go during metaphase
The opposite ends of the cells
Where do fibers pull the chromosomes during metaphase
The equator of the cell
Where are chromosomes lined up on during metaphase
The metaphase plate
What are spindle fibers
Strands of protein
During anaphase the spindle fibers pull each chromatid strand toward the ___ at the ___ ___ of the cell
Centrioles
Opposite ends
The end results of mitosis
___ new cells
___ in size than the original
___ number of chromosomes
Two
Smaller
Same
In prophase two types of spindle fibers connect to the ___ and the ___
Chromosomes and centrioles
Dyeing telophase the spindle fibers/centrioles
Disappear
During telophase each end if the cell has a complete set of
Chromosomes
During prophase the centrioles develop and move away from each other in what type of cells
Animal cells
During cytokinesis each newly formed cell gets a
Nucleus
During telophase the nuclear membrane begins to
Form
During cytokinesis plant cells create a ___ ___ that becomes the new cell wall
Cell plate
During cytokinesis what is divided between the two new daughter cells
Cytoplasm
During anaphase the sister chromatids are
Pulled apart at the centromeres by the fibers
The nucleolus ___ during telophase
Reforms
What happens in the G2 checkpoint
Allows for the checking of DNA and proceeds to mitosis
What are checkpoints controlled by
Enzymes
