Cell Cycle Flashcards
SEQ DNA PACKAGING
DNA wrapped around protein= histone
8 histones= nucleosome
Adjacent nucleosome attached with linker DNA
CC CHROMOSOME NUMBE
Haploid: 1 of each chromosome in cell= Gametes
Diploid: 2 of each chromosome, homologous chromosome= Somatic
CC CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE
Centromere= constricted area in the middle, spindle attachment Telomere= Tips of the chromosomes, repetitive patterns to protect gene
SEQ STAGES OF CELL CYCLE
G1, S, G2, M: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
G1 PHASE
Growth and Development, Normal Function
SYNTHESIS PHASE
Chromosomes Duplicated, DNA+ Protein Synthesis
PRODUCES:
2 Sister Chromatids
Kineticore: Proteins attached to centromere
G2 PHASE
- Highly Metabolic, Mitosis Preparation
- 2 Centrosomes present: region of microtubule organization= 2 Centrioles
- Centriole: (9x3 microtubules) arranged in right angles
PROPHASE
- Chromosomes condense and become visible
- Mitotic Spindle formation
- Centrosomes move to each pole of cell
PROMETAPHASE
-Nuclear Envelope breaks down
(fragments are stored in vesicles for later use)
-Nucleolus disappears
-Mitotic spindles extends across cytoplasm
METAPHASE
-Chromosomes align at center of cell
Mitotic Spindles hit kineticore or end of cell
ANAPHASE
- Seperase: cleaves sister chromatids apart
- Sister Chromatids seperate to opposite poles w/ microtubules through depolymerization
TELOPHASE
- Chromosome decondenses
- Nuclear envelope reforms
- 2 nucleus formed
CYTOKINESIS
- Cytoplasm divides
- 2 daughter cells
- Organelles randomly sorted, except for centrioles (each cell gets on pair of centriole)
Animal Cytokinesis
- Cleavage furrow develops
- Contractile ring forms: actin+myosin and contractile proteins
Plant Cytokinesis
- Vesicles from Golgi align at center plate
- Fusion of vesicles to create a cell wall from materials in vesicles
