Cell Cycle 3.2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

In which type of organism does binary fission occur? (1)

A

Prokaryotic (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens in binary fission? (2)

A

Cell replicates its genetic material (1)

and splits into 2 daughter cells (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain the process of binary fission? (8)

A
  1. Circular DNA + plasmids replicate (1)
  2. Main DNA loop replicates once but plasmids replicate variable amount of times (1)
  3. Cell gets bigger (1)
  4. DNA loops move to opposite ‘poles’ (ends) of cell (1)
  5. Cytoplasm begins to divide (1)
  6. New cell walls form (1)
  7. Cytoplasm divides + 2 daughter cells produced (1)
  8. Each daughter has 1 copy of circular DNA but can have variable no. of plasmids (1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do viruses invade host cells? (5)

A
  1. Use attachment proteins to bind to complimentary receptor proteins on surface of host cells (1)
  2. Different viruses have different attachment proteins therefore require different receptor proteins on host cells (1)
  3. non-living therefore don’t undergo cell division (1)
  4. Inject their DNA/RNA into host cell (1)
  5. Hijack cell + use cells ‘machinery’ to replicate viral particles (1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are some viruses only able to infect one cell type? (2)

A

Different viruses have different attachment proteins (1)

therefore) require different receptor proteins on host cells (1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is mitosis? (2)

A

cell division (1)

that) produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells (1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis? (2)

A

growth (1)

repair of damaged tissue (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different components of the cell cycle? (4)

A

Interphase (which consists off):

               - Gap phase 1 (1)
               - Synthesis (1)
               - Gap phase 2 (1)

Mitosis (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 5 main stages of the cell cycle? (IPMAT) (5)

A
  1. INTERPHASE (1)
  2. PROPHASE (1)
  3. METAPHASE (1)
  4. ANAPHASE (1)
  5. TELOPHASE (1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain what happens in interphase? (4)

A

Normal functioning cell (1)

prepares to divide (1)

cell DNA unravels + replicates (1)

organelles replicated + ATP content’s increased (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens in prophase? (4)

A

Chromosomes condense - shorter + fatter (1)

Centrioles start moving to opposite ends of cell forming spindles (network of protein fibres) (1)

nuclear envelope breaks down (1)

chromosomes lie free in cytoplasm (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in metaphase? (2)

A

chromosomes line up along middle of cell (1)

and) attach to spindle by their centromere (1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in anaphase? (4)

A

Centromeres divide (1)

separate each pair of sister chromatids (1)

spindles contract + pull chromatids to opposite poles of spindle (1)

(makes chromatids appear v-shaped) (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens in telophase? (5)

A

chromatids reach opposite poles (on spindle) (1)

uncoil + become long + thin (now chromosomes again) (1)

nuclear envelopes form around each group of chromosomes (2 nuclei) (1)

Cytokenesis (cytoplasm divides) (1)

2 genetically identical daughter cells (produced) (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a tumor? (1)

A

Uncontrolled cell division (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is cancer? (1)

A

tumor that invades surrounding tissue (1)

17
Q

Some cancer treatments disrupt the ____ _____. (1)

This controls the ____ __ ____ ________. (1)

Treatments don’t distinguish tumor cells from ______ cells. (1)

A

cell cycle (1)

rate of cell division (1)

normal cells (1)

18
Q

Whys is the treatment more likely to kill tumor cells than normal cells? (1)

A

they divide more frequently (1)