cell cycle Flashcards
what is the cell cycle?
series of distinct **biochemical and physiological events **occurring during replication of a cell
what is the function of the cell cycle?
To
- Accurately duplicate the DNA in chromosomes
- Segregate DNA into genetically identical daughter cells
what are the 4 phases of cell cycle?
-G1 phase
-S phase
-G2 phase
-M phase
what stages does interphase include?
-G1 phase
-S phase
-G2 phase
what are the 3 options a cell has in G1 phase?
-Continuecell cycle and enter S phase
-STOP cell cycle & enter G0 phase for undergoing differentiation
-STAY - become arrested in G1 phase so that it may enter G0 phase and re-enter cell cycle
what does G1 phase include?
-Growth phase
-increased metabolic activity
what occurs in s phase?
DNA replication
what is g2 phase?
2nd growth phase after s phase
what does g2 phase include?
-increase in protein synthesis
-rapid cell growth to prepare cell for mitosis
where is the checkpoint for g2 phase?
before M (mitotic) phase, where cells are checked here for any DNA damage in chromosomes
what does M phase consist of?
nuclear division
what are the 6 phases of M phase?
prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
cytokinesis
CONTROL OF CELL CYCLE
-what processes does cell cycle control trigger?
-DNA replication
-mitosis
-cytokinesis
how many checkpoints are there in one cell cycle?
3
where is the first checkpoint?
-late g2 phase
where is the 2nd checkpoint?
end of g2 phase
what is the function of the 2nd checkpoint?
triggers early mitotic events that lead to chromosome alignment on mitotic spindle in metaphase
where is the 3rd checkpoint?
metaphase to anaphase transition
what does it do?
where control system stimulates sister chromatid separation, leading to completion of mitosis and cytokinesis
