cell cycle Flashcards
ordered series of events
cell cycle
2 major phase
M phase (mitosis)
interphase
types of interphase
G1 phase (gap 1)
S phase ( synthesis)
G2 phase (gap 2)
growth
G1 phase
DNA synthesis
S phase
growth and preparation for mitosis
G2 phase
type of mitosis or M phase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
critical points in cell cycle (M phase, G1 phase, G2 phase)
checkpoints
—— and —— signals can regulate the cycle
Stop and Go
if error is found
G0 and Apoptosis
given the STOP signal in G1, the cell exist in cell cycle AND REMAINS IN G0
G0
non dividing state
G0
referred as programmed cell death (PCD)
apoptosis
self destructs
apoptosis
checkpoints regulators
Kinase
Cyclin
protein which activates or deactivates another protein,
often called as cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)
Kinase
protein which activates kinase, di gagana ang kinase kung walang cyclin
cyclin
2 types of regulators
positive regulators
negative regulators
promote progress (GO signal)
Cyclins and Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)
positive regulators
halts the cycle(STOP signal)
Retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53 and p21
negative regulators
——- is multifunctional protein, halts the cell cycle and recruits enzymes, if cannot be repaired, it triggers ——– .
p53, apoptosis
triggered as level of p53 increases, halts the cycle by inhibiting
p21
——- monitors cell size. It is active in its ——–.
Retinoblastoma protein, dephosphorylated state
with an extra chromosome
down syndrome
boys and men are born with an extra X chromosome.
klinefelter syndrome
one of the X chromosomes (sex chromosomes) is missing or partially missing.
TURNER SYNDROME
—– is the most common human genetic disease, transition from a normal cell to a malignant cancer is driven by changes to a cell’s DNA, also known as ——–.
cancer, mutation
