Cell Components

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

Provides turgor pressure to plant cells as fluid accumulated
inside the central vacuole; site of many metabolic reactions;
medium in which organelles are found (in all three cell types)

Question 2

Plasma Membrane

Answer 2

Separates cell from external environment; controls passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen, and wastes into and out of cell (prokaryotes yes, animal cells yes, plant cells yes)

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

Darkened area within the nucleus where ribosomal subunits
are synthesized (Prokaryotes no, animal plant cells yes)

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of
ribosomes and proteins (prokaryotes no, animal plant cells yes)

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Protein synthesis (in all 3)

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

ATP production/cellular respiration (prokaryotes no, animal plant yes)

Question 7

Peroxisomes

Answer 7

Oxidize and thus breakdown fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxify poisons (prokaryotes no, animal plant cells yes)

Question 8

Vesicles and vacuoles

Answer 8

Storage and Transport; digestive function in plant cells (prokaryotes no, animal and planet yes)

Question 9

Centrosome

Answer 9

Unspecified role in cell division in animal cells; microtubule source in animal cells (animal cells only)

Question 10

Cell wall

Answer 10

Protection, structural support, and maintenance of cell shape (prokaryotes yes - mainly peptidoglycan, animal cells no, plant cells yes - primarily cellulose)

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out organelles (animal cells and some plant cells)

Question 12

Chloroplasts

Answer 12

Photosynthesis (plant cells only)

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Modifies protein and synthesizes lipids (plant & animal only)

Question 14

Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

Modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins (plant & animal only)

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Maintains cell’s shape, secures organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move independently (in all three)

Question 16

Flagella

Answer 16

Cellular locomotion (some prokaryotes, some animal cells, no plant cells except for some plant sperm cells)

Question 17

Cilia

Answer 17

Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along plasma membrane’s extracellular surface, and filtration (some prokaryotes, some animal cells, no plant cells)