Cell components Flashcards
Plasma membrane
Regulates movement of substances into and out of cell. Receptors allow cell to respond to chemicals e.g. Hormones
Nucleus
Contains genetic info stored in DNA. DNA usually in the form of chromatin.
Nuclear envelope
Controls the exit and entry of molecules in the nucleus. Contains nuclear pores allowing large molecules like mRNA out.
Nucleolus
Synthesises ribosomal DNA and makes ribosomes
Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis. mRNA used as a template and the ribosome joins amino acids in a sequence
Endoplasmic reticulum
System of membranes that extends throughout the cytoplasm.
Golgi apparatus
Modifies the proteins and lipids produced in the ER. Carb molecules are added to produce glycoproteins and glycolipids. Also packages them into vesicles. Vesicles formed are Golgi vesicles or lysosomes
Mitochondria
The site of aerobic respiration which releases energy. It is oval shaped and surrounded by a double membrane . The inner membrane is folded to form cristae.
Which cell component produces ATP?
Mitochondria
What is ATP?
ATP is used for movement, synthesis reactions, and active transport.
What is the matrix and where is it?
The matrix is inside of the mitochondria and contains enzymes and DNA.
What is RER?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on surface. It synthesises and processes proteins.
What is SER?
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes. It synthesises and processes lipids and carbs.
Lysosomes
Contain digestive enzymes called lysozymes, which break down worn out organelles, dead organisms and infected cells.
Which cell component releases substances outside of the cell via exocytosis?
Lysosomes
