Cell Compartmentalization

Question 1

List the 3 compartments of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 1

1. Extracellular compartment
2. Intracellular compartment
3. Plasma membrane

Question 2

Subcellular membranes create ________ ________ in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 2

intracellular compartmentation

Question 3

A compartment is a ________ of the cellular volume that is separated ______ and ______ from the remainder of the cell by a _______

Answer 3

A compartment is a fraction of the cellular volume that is separated physically and functionally from the remainder of the cell by a membrane

Question 4

The existence of a ______ is essential for cell compartmentation

Answer 4

membrane

Question 5

What are 2 characteristics of a compartment?

Answer 5

1. Volume
2. Surface area

Question 6

Describe the volume and surface area of an irregular shape in comparison to a spherical shape

Answer 6

They both have the same volume, but the irregular shape has a greater surface area

Question 7

The nucleus is the _____ subcellular organelle

Answer 7

largest

Question 8

What is the marker of the nucleus?

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

What are the 2 major functions of the nucleus?

Answer 9

1. Site of chromosomes
2. Site of transcription (DNA-directed RNA synthesis)

Question 10

The ER is the _____ _____ membrane system in the cell

Answer 10

most extensive

Question 11

The ER is the site for what 2 things?

Answer 11

Protein and lipid synthesis

Question 12

What are the protein structures on the outer membrane of the mitochondria?

Answer 12

Porins

Question 13

Porins make the mitochondria permeable to what?

Answer 13

Molecules of about 10 kilodaltons or less

Question 14

What is the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to?

Answer 14

Only small molecules

Question 15

What does the inner mitochondrial membrane contain?

Answer 15

1. All complexes of ETC
2. ATP synthetase complex
3. Transport proteins

Question 16

What increases the total surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 16

The highly curved cristae

Question 17

Do pancreas cells use a lot of ATP? Why or why not?

Answer 17

No they don’t use a lot of ATP because they have fewer cristae structures

Question 18

Do mitochondria have a lot of DNA?

Answer 18

No a small amount. They encode many proteins normally found in inner membranes

Question 19

Lysosomes degrade _____ and ____ materials

Answer 19

extracellular and intracellular

Question 20

Lysosomes have many ____

Answer 20

hydrolases

Question 21

Hydrolases have optimal activity in what condition?

Answer 21

Acidic pHs

Question 22

List the 2 functions of the Golgi complex

Answer 22

1. Glycosylation of proteins and lipids
2. Protein sorting

Question 23

What does COP stand for?

Answer 23

Coatomer proteins

Question 24

Eukaryotic cells have an internal _______ called the _______

Answer 24

scaffolding; cytoskeleton

Question 25

List the 3 filamentous assembles in cytoskeleton

Answer 25

1. Microfilaments: made of actin (~7 nm diameter)
2. Intermediate filaments: made of certain proteins (~10 nm diameter)
3. Microtubules: polymers of tubulin (50 um long, ~25 nm diameter)

Question 26

Complete oxidation of glucose to oxygen and CO2 requires what?

Answer 26

Cooperation between cytosol and mitochondria