Cell Compartmentalization Flashcards
List the 3 compartments of a prokaryotic cell
- Extracellular compartment
- Intracellular compartment
- Plasma membrane
Subcellular membranes create ________ ________ in a eukaryotic cell
intracellular compartmentation
A compartment is a ________ of the cellular volume that is separated ______ and ______ from the remainder of the cell by a _______
A compartment is a fraction of the cellular volume that is separated physically and functionally from the remainder of the cell by a membrane
The existence of a ______ is essential for cell compartmentation
membrane
What are 2 characteristics of a compartment?
- Volume
- Surface area
Describe the volume and surface area of an irregular shape in comparison to a spherical shape
They both have the same volume, but the irregular shape has a greater surface area
The nucleus is the _____ subcellular organelle
largest
What is the marker of the nucleus?
DNA
What are the 2 major functions of the nucleus?
- Site of chromosomes
- Site of transcription (DNA-directed RNA synthesis)
The ER is the _____ _____ membrane system in the cell
most extensive
The ER is the site for what 2 things?
Protein and lipid synthesis
What are the protein structures on the outer membrane of the mitochondria?
Porins
Porins make the mitochondria permeable to what?
Molecules of about 10 kilodaltons or less
What is the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to?
Only small molecules
What does the inner mitochondrial membrane contain?
- All complexes of ETC
- ATP synthetase complex
- Transport proteins
What increases the total surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane?
The highly curved cristae
Do pancreas cells use a lot of ATP? Why or why not?
No they don’t use a lot of ATP because they have fewer cristae structures
Do mitochondria have a lot of DNA?
No a small amount. They encode many proteins normally found in inner membranes
Lysosomes degrade _____ and ____ materials
extracellular and intracellular
Lysosomes have many ____
hydrolases
Hydrolases have optimal activity in what condition?
Acidic pHs
List the 2 functions of the Golgi complex
- Glycosylation of proteins and lipids
- Protein sorting
What does COP stand for?
Coatomer proteins
Eukaryotic cells have an internal _______ called the _______
scaffolding; cytoskeleton
List the 3 filamentous assembles in cytoskeleton
- Microfilaments: made of actin (~7 nm diameter)
- Intermediate filaments: made of certain proteins (~10 nm diameter)
- Microtubules: polymers of tubulin (50 um long, ~25 nm diameter)
Complete oxidation of glucose to oxygen and CO2 requires what?
Cooperation between cytosol and mitochondria
