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Cells molecules and genes > Cell Compartmentalisation, > Flashcards

Cell Compartmentalisation, Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

Mitochrondria and pm

A

Involved in inclusion of pm

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1
Q

Pinching of specialised pm

A

Cause formation of organelles interior - similar to exterior of cell

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2
Q

Organelles involved in cycles of membrane budding and fusion

A

Golgi, rer, vesicles, ser, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endosomes,

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3
Q

4 distinct families of intracellular compartments?

A

Nucleas
Organelles Involed in secretory/endosomes pathway
Mitochrondria - fusion and fission replication - maternal dna - circular
Plastids (plants)

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4
Q

Nuclear por proteins modified with ?

A

O-N-acetyl glucosamine - post translational modification - RER

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5
Q

Why is GlcNAc important?

A

Modification of protein integrates metabolic information

Amount dependant on Biosynthetic pathway

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6
Q

Hexamine biosynthetic pathway?

A

Glucose, glucose 6 p, fructose 6 p, (aa met) glucosamine 6 p, n acetylglusosamine 6 p, n acetyl glucosamine 1 p, (nucleotide met) UDP-N acetyl glucosamine

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7
Q

Stressfull stimuli lead to increase of the ….

A

O N acetyl glucosamylation of Nuclear pore proteins (NUP)

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8
Q

Examples of stressfull stimuli O-GlyNAc ylation of NUPs

A

Heat shock, uv radiation, hypoxia, oxidative/reductive stress, ethanolic stress, trauma haemorrhage, cell cycle arrest, osmotic stress

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9
Q

NUP stim. What? (2)

A

Gene expression and cell cycle genes

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10
Q

Example of NUP

A

Mtor and MP153 - located at npc - associated w/ active transcription - filaments - translocated mrna into cytosol

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11
Q

Tumour? And genes

A

Mutation of protooncogene - oncogene - uncontrolled cell division

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12
Q

NUP98 is example of?

A

Gene fusions (bind to other genes) + hematopoietic malignancies

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13
Q

Hematopoeitic malignancy!

A

Change in myeloid linage - impaired t,b cell differentiation

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14
Q

Different cells have different amount of organelles

A

Therefore different genes switched on/off.

Eg pancreas - hormones - RER - 60% pf total plasma membrane

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15
Q

Ribosomes with mrna that codes for secretory proteins?

A

Binds to rer via ribophorins

16
Q

Nuclear and peroximal proteins?

Other example of proteins folded?

A

Folded specifically - cytoplasm

To peroxisomes and npc ( receptor mediated)

Chloroblast - specific folding of proteins

17
Q

ER signal?

A

Specific sequence KDEL n terminus (20-24 aa, hydrophobic)
Bind to srp - er membrane
Ribosome bind to er membrane
Signal peptidase cleaves specific sequence

18
Q

Biogenesis pathway of mito proteins?

A

Nascent protein - precursor protein - TOM - intermembrane space

19
Q

PROTEASOMES?

A

20-24 protein subunits
Cylindrical
Hydrolyse incorrectly folded proteins
Links to incorrect protein via ubiquinated protein

20
Q

Ubiquinated protein

A

9000aa,
Cytosol
Link proteasome enzyme to incorrectly folded protein

21
Q

RER incorrectly folded proteins

A

Unfolded protein response (degradation pathway) -> to cytoplasm
Ubiquinated protein
Proteasome (degradation)

22
Q

Molecular chaperones?

A

Assist protein folding in ER - golgi complex - ecm
Calnexin (membrane bound protein-hydrophobic) and
calreticulin cycle (luminal protein - soluble in cytosol of rer)

Make more reliable and efficient

23
Q

Cycle of glycosylation and deglycosylation ->

A

Detect folding of protien

24
Q

Protein point mutation?

A

Change : base sequence, primary, secondary, tertiary structure.

protein incorrectly folded. Irreversible.

25
Q

Protein folding

A

Protein to lowest energy conformation - stable.

Interact with other molecules - changes - crucial for function

26
Q

Incorrect folding of proteins leads to?

A

Amyloid fibrils accumulation.

Eg. Amylodogenic intermediate - ring shaped early aggregate - protofibrils - mature fibrils - lewy bodies

27
Q

Lewy bodies

A

Neurons - amyloid fibril accumulation - incorrect protein.

Faster produced than protein degradation pathway of protein unfolded protein response .

Parkinsons disease

28
Q

Leukaemia?

A

Ig light and heavy chains - incorrect - not secreted by cell - problem with immune response

29
Q

6 inclusion pathiogenesis. Name, site and disease associated

A

Levy bodies - neurons cyto - parkinsons
Huntingdon bodies - neuron nuclear - huntingtons disease
Hiramo bodies - neuron - neurodegenerative
Collins bodies - neuron - familial presenile genitris
Neurofibrillar tangles - neurons nuclear - alzhiemers, aging, dementia + other cerebral disorders

Cells molecules and genes (5 decks)

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