Cell communication and differentiation Flashcards
1
Q
what types of stimuli can cells respond to?
A
- growth factors
- death signals
- cell-cell contact
- cell-extracellular matrix contact
- hormones
- light (photons)
- odorants
- touch (mechanical stimulus)
- temperature
- oxygen levels
- pH
- magnetic fields
2
Q
what are the two types of cell comunication?
A
- direct cell-cell signaling
- signaling by secreted molecules
3
Q
what are the three types of signaling by secreted molecules?
A
- endocrine signaling (using the circulatory system)
- paracrine signaling (signals within the same tissue)
- autocrine signaling (cell signaling itself)
4
Q
what starts off cell comunication?
A
when a receptor protein in the plasma membrane is activated by a specific signalling molecule
5
Q
what are three main stages of cell comunication?
A
1- reception
2- transduction
3- response
6
Q
what are the different types of receptors?
A
- ligand-gated ion channels
- G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)
- enzyme linked receptors
7
Q
how do enzyme linked receptors become activated?
A
from ligand binding and dimerisation
8
Q
what alows for signal amplification after binding of a ligand to a receptor?
A
second messengers (transduction)
eg:
- cyclic AMP
- diacyglycerol
- calcium
9
Q
A
