Cell Communication Flashcards
What do signal transduction pathways do
Convert signals into cellular responses
What are 2 types of cellular communication
Local and long distance signalling
In local signalling neighbouring cells communicate, what are the 3 ways they do that
Direct contact
Cell to cell recognition
Local regulators
Communication involving cell junctions
Direct contact a type of cell communication
Communication via surface molecules is known as? and what is an example of the surface molecules
Cell to cell recognition and the surface molecule is membrane carbohydrates
Messenger molecules that travel short distances such as growth factors and neurotransmitters diffusing across synaptic cleft is known as what type of cell communication
Local regulators
In direct contact local signalling the 3 cell junction types are
Communicating junctions
Occluding junctions
Anchoring junctions
What gap junctions undergo communication
Gap junctions and plasmodesmata
Are communicating junctions linked to cytoskeleton in any way
No
Communicating junctions control
Cell to cell connection not cell to ECM
Occluding junctions are known as
Tight junctions
Tight junctions have cytoskeletal connection as they connect with
Actin microfilaments
Tight junctions undergo what type of connection cell to cell or to ECM
Cell-cell connection
What are two types of cell - cell connection anchoring junctions
Desmosomes and adherens
Desmosomes have cytoskeletal connection with
Intermediate filaments
Adherents have cytoskeletal connection with
Actin microfilaments similar to occluding/tight junctions
Anchoring junctions that undergo cell to ECM connection are known as
Focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes
Focal adhesions have cytoskeletal connections with
Actin filaments like tight junctions and adherents junctions
Hemidesmosomes have cytoskeletal connections with
Intermediate filaments similar to Desmosomes
Desmosomes fasten cells together into sheets by using proteins, what is the transmembrane protein used, attachment protein and filament? What is the filament made of?
Intermediate filament + desmoplakin (attachment protein) + cadherins (transmembrane adhesion proteins)
The intermediate filament made of keratin in epithelial cells or desmin in in heart muscle/ smooth muscle cells.
Desmosomes attach muscle cells together in a muscle
Adherents junctions create an adhesion zone under the apical surface of cells and connect things similar to Desmosomes. What transmembrane protein, filament and attachment protein is used?
Actin filament + catenins or vinculin or a-actinin (attachment protein) + cadherins (transmembrane protein)
Integrins are the transmembrane proteins for which junctions
Focal adhesions and hemodesmosomes
Focal adhesions have talin, a-actin and vincoulin attachment proteins, what other junction uses a-actin and vincoulin?
Adherents junction
Focal adhesions use what filament when connecting cell to ECM
Actin microfilament
Where are hemodesmosomes found
Basal surface of epithelial cells to allow cell to ECM connection
When does the transmembrane protein integrin bind to basement membrane laminin?
In hemodesmosomes
What filament is used in hemodesmosomes
Intermediate -keratin similar to Desmosomes
Plectin is an attatchement protein that ___ use
hemodesmosomes
All anchoring junctions contain __ when connecting
filaments, attachment proteins and transmembrane adhesion proteins
What membrane protein makes channels in gap junctions
Connexin
Ions Ca+2 and cAMP can enter
Channels of gap junctions
Gap junctions are found ___ apical surfaces of tissues in
ALONG, Epithelial cells and muscle cells
The reason we have synchronized contraction of intestine during birth is because of
Gap junctions
Tight junctions are found ___ apical surfaces of what cells?
UNDERNEATH, epithelial only.
Tight junctions are
Occluding and prevent cell-cell communication and skin leakage
The transmembrane proteins claudin and occludin make up
Tight junctions
What part of tight junctions is linked to actin filament
Cytoplasmic part of occludin
