Cell-Cell Communication 2 Flashcards
What are the different forms of Intercellular Signaling?
Contact-Dependent Signaling, Paracrine Signaling, Autocrine Signaling, Synaptic Signaling, Endocrine Signaling.
Which form of cell signaling is important in immune responses and during development?
Contact-Dependent.
Which form of signaling includes Growth Factors and depends on neighboring cells?
Paracrine.
What is Autocrine Signaling?
Signals are produced by and act on the same cell, a type of paracrine signaling.
Which form of signaling is performed by neurons that transmit signals electrically along their axons and release neurotransmitters at synapses which are often located far away from the neuronal body?
Synaptic.
Which form of signaling takes place in the bloodstream?
Endocrine.
What are the specialized behaviors of cell signaling?
Response timing, sensitivity, dynamic range, persistence, signal processing, integration, and coordination.
T/F: Neurotransmitters are more sensitive than hormones.
False; other way around.
What are some ways target cells can desensitize?
Receptor sequestration, down-regulation, inactivation, inactivation of signaling protein, inhibitory protein.
How can receptors evoke a large intracellular response?
- By producing large amounts of a second messenger
- By activating many copies of a downstream signaling protein
T/F: A response is FAST when changes in proteins are already present.
True.
Which two responses can be abrupt?
Sigmoidal Response, All-or-None Response.
T/F: Sigmoidal responses are discontinuous.
False; continuous.
T/F: All-or-None Responses are useful to control two alternative cell states, and are generally negative feedback.
False; first part true, but positive feedback.
Describe a hyperbolic response.
Cell responses increase gradually as the concentration of extracellular signal molecule increases.
