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Biology > Cell Boilogy > Flashcards

Cell Boilogy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two types of eukaryotic cell?

A

Animal and plant

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2
Q

What type of cell are bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic

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3
Q

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

A

In the nucleus

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4
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

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5
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell

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6
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

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7
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Enable production of proteins (protein synthesis)

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8
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Strengthens and supports the cell

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9
Q

What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Single loop of DNA

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10
Q

How are electron microscopes different from light microscopes?

A

Of light, cannot be used to view living samples, are much more expensive, and have a much higher magnification and resolution

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11
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

Carries oxygen around the body

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12
Q

Give three adaptations of a red blood cell.

A
  • No nucleus
  • Contains a red pigment called haemoglobin
  • Has a bi-concave disc shape
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13
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell?

A

Carries electrical impulses around the body

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14
Q

Give two adaptations of a nerve cell.

A
  • Branched endings
  • Myelin sheath insulates the axon
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15
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

Fertilises an ovum (egg)

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16
Q

Give two adaptations of a sperm cell.

A
  • Tail
  • Contains lots of mitochondria
17
Q

What is the function of a palisade cell?

A

Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

18
Q

Give two adaptations of a palisade cell.

A
  • Lots of chloroplasts
  • Located at the top surface of the leaf
19
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell?

A

Absorbs minerals and water from the soil

20
Q

Give two adaptations of a root hair cell.

A
  • Long projection
  • Lots of mitochondria
21
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration along a concentration gradient

22
Q

Name three factors that affect the rate of diffusion.

A
  • Concentration gradient
  • Temperature
  • Membrane surface area
23
Q

How are villi adapted for exchanging substances?

A
  • Long and thin - increases surface area
  • One-cell-thick membrane - short diffusion pathway
  • Good blood supply - maintains a steep concentration gradient
24
Q

How are the lungs adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A
  • Alveoli - large surface area
  • Moist membranes - increases rate of diffusion
  • One-cell-thick membranes - short diffusion pathway
  • Good blood supply - maintains a steep concentration gradient
25
Q

How are fish gills adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A
  • Large surface area for gases to diffuse across
  • Thin layer of cells - short diffusion pathway
  • Good blood supply - maintains a steep concentration gradient
26
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

27
Q

Give one example of osmosis in a plant.

A

Water moves from the soil into the root hair cell

28
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration

29
Q

Why is active transport needed in plant roots?

A

Concentration of mineral ions in the soil is lower than inside the root hair cells

30
Q

What is the purpose of active transport in the small intestine?

A

Sugars can be absorbed when the concentration of sugar in the small intestine is lower than the concentration of sugar in the blood

Biology (1 decks)

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