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Exam 1 > Cell Biology Review > Flashcards

Cell Biology Review Flashcards

1
Q

karyos

A

from the greek word meaning kernel and is often associated with nucleus in the science world

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2
Q

“pro”

A

before

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3
Q

“eu”

A

true

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4
Q

prokaryote

A

before a nucleus

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5
Q

eukaryote

A

having a true nucleus

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6
Q

prokaryote has a…

A

nucleoid

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7
Q

nucleoid

A

an irregularly shaped region in the cell containing the genetic material
where DNA “hangs out”

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8
Q

do prokaryotes have a membrane?

A

prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles

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9
Q

what is prokaryotes organelle?

A

ribosome (contains 2 subunits)

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10
Q

examples of prokaryotes

A

green algae, bacteria, and other single-celled organisms lacking a true nucleus

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11
Q

did eukaryotes originate from prokaryotes?

A

yes

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12
Q

eukaryotes

A

have a true nucleus which is membrane bound and contains the genetic material of the cell

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13
Q

are cytoskeleton present in eukaryotes?

A

yes

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14
Q

examples of eukaryotes

A

higher organisms and yeast

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15
Q

membranous organelles

A

nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes

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16
Q

inclusions

A

lipid droplets, glycogen granules, ribosomes

17
Q

protein fibers

A

cytoskeleton, centrioles, cilia, flagella

18
Q

membranous organelles

A

specialized units within a cell with its own functions

19
Q

nucleus

A

contains genetic material and directs cell function via the control of protein synthesis (controls function)

20
Q

mitochondria

A

‘powerhouse’ of the cell, these organelles are responsible for ATP production; they have their own DNA and the capability to self-replicate (energy production)

21
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a network of interconnected membranes which is actually an extension of the nucleus. main functions are synthesis, storage, and transport of biomolecules (synthesis and storage)

22
Q

golgi appartaus

A

this organelle acts as the packaging and transporting ‘plant’ (packaging)

23
Q

lysosomes

A

carry enzymes to recycle components of the cell; crucial in digesting and destroying old cell parts and foreign material (enzymatic destruction)

24
Q

peroxisomes

A

carry enzymes for lipid catalysis (lipid catalysis)

25
Q

inclusions

A

insoluble particles which store nutrients

26
Q

lipid droplets

A

store fat

27
Q

glycogen granules

A

store carbohydrates

28
Q

ribosomes

A

responsible for protein synthesis

29
Q

microvilli

A

small projections from the cell surface commonly found in intestinal cells

30
Q

microfilaments

A

thinnest fibers that offer support in the plasma membrane and hold up shapes such as microvilli, closest to the cell surface (smallest)

31
Q

microtubules

A

the largest protein fiber and are hollow tubes for support and transportation of cargo (largest)

32
Q

intermediate fibers

A

are intermediate in size and are less dynamic and are rope-like structures that provide support (medium)

33
Q

centrosomes

A

consist of 2 centrioles and are responsible for cell division, consisting of the main microtubule organization center

34
Q

centrioles

A

perpendicular, cylindrical bundle of 27 microtubules, arranged in 9 triplets that migrate towards opposite ends and help form spindle fibers involved in cell division

35
Q

what is the role of centrosomes/centrioles?

A

cell division

36
Q

cilia

A

made up of microtubules, consisting of 9 outer bundles and 2 inner bundles. short hair-like structures are often found in the respiratory tract and female reproductive tract as they create currents that sweep fluids or secretions across cell surface

37
Q

cilia are found in all of these places except:
a) trachea
b) female reproductive tract
c) lungs
d) sperm

A

d) sperm

38
Q

flagella

A

whip-like structures also composed of microtubules, similar to cilia, they consist of 9 outer bundles and 2 inner buncles, they are much longer and a cell will often only contain 1 or 2 of them. these structures are used for movement and in humans they are only found in sperm cell

Exam 1 (2 decks)

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