Cell Biology Review

Question 1

karyos

Answer 1

from the greek word meaning kernel and is often associated with nucleus in the science world

Question 2

“pro”

Answer 2

before

Question 3

“eu”

Answer 3

true

Question 4

prokaryote

Answer 4

before a nucleus

Question 5

eukaryote

Answer 5

having a true nucleus

Question 6

prokaryote has a…

Answer 6

nucleoid

Question 7

nucleoid

Answer 7

an irregularly shaped region in the cell containing the genetic material
where DNA “hangs out”

Question 8

do prokaryotes have a membrane?

Answer 8

prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles

Question 9

what is prokaryotes organelle?

Answer 9

ribosome (contains 2 subunits)

Question 10

examples of prokaryotes

Answer 10

green algae, bacteria, and other single-celled organisms lacking a true nucleus

Question 11

did eukaryotes originate from prokaryotes?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

eukaryotes

Answer 12

have a true nucleus which is membrane bound and contains the genetic material of the cell

Question 13

are cytoskeleton present in eukaryotes?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

examples of eukaryotes

Answer 14

higher organisms and yeast

Question 15

membranous organelles

Answer 15

nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes

Question 16

inclusions

Answer 16

lipid droplets, glycogen granules, ribosomes

Question 17

protein fibers

Answer 17

cytoskeleton, centrioles, cilia, flagella

Question 18

membranous organelles

Answer 18

specialized units within a cell with its own functions

Question 19

nucleus

Answer 19

contains genetic material and directs cell function via the control of protein synthesis (controls function)

Question 20

mitochondria

Answer 20

‘powerhouse’ of the cell, these organelles are responsible for ATP production; they have their own DNA and the capability to self-replicate (energy production)

Question 21

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

a network of interconnected membranes which is actually an extension of the nucleus. main functions are synthesis, storage, and transport of biomolecules (synthesis and storage)

Question 22

golgi appartaus

Answer 22

this organelle acts as the packaging and transporting ‘plant’ (packaging)

Question 23

lysosomes

Answer 23

carry enzymes to recycle components of the cell; crucial in digesting and destroying old cell parts and foreign material (enzymatic destruction)

Question 24

peroxisomes

Answer 24

carry enzymes for lipid catalysis (lipid catalysis)

Question 25

inclusions

Answer 25

insoluble particles which store nutrients

Question 26

lipid droplets

Answer 26

store fat

Question 27

glycogen granules

Answer 27

store carbohydrates

Question 28

ribosomes

Answer 28

responsible for protein synthesis

Question 29

microvilli

Answer 29

small projections from the cell surface commonly found in intestinal cells

Question 30

microfilaments

Answer 30

thinnest fibers that offer support in the plasma membrane and hold up shapes such as microvilli, closest to the cell surface (smallest)

Question 31

microtubules

Answer 31

the largest protein fiber and are hollow tubes for support and transportation of cargo (largest)

Question 32

intermediate fibers

Answer 32

are intermediate in size and are less dynamic and are rope-like structures that provide support (medium)

Question 33

centrosomes

Answer 33

consist of 2 centrioles and are responsible for cell division, consisting of the main microtubule organization center

Question 34

centrioles

Answer 34

perpendicular, cylindrical bundle of 27 microtubules, arranged in 9 triplets that migrate towards opposite ends and help form spindle fibers involved in cell division

Question 35

what is the role of centrosomes/centrioles?

Answer 35

cell division

Question 36

cilia

Answer 36

made up of microtubules, consisting of 9 outer bundles and 2 inner bundles. short hair-like structures are often found in the respiratory tract and female reproductive tract as they create currents that sweep fluids or secretions across cell surface

Question 37

cilia are found in all of these places except: a) trachea b) female reproductive tract c) lungs d) sperm

Answer 37

d) sperm

Question 38

flagella

Answer 38

whip-like structures also composed of microtubules, similar to cilia, they consist of 9 outer bundles and 2 inner buncles, they are much longer and a cell will often only contain 1 or 2 of them. these structures are used for movement and in humans they are only found in sperm cell