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Biology GCSE > Cell Biology GCSE > Flashcards

Cell Biology GCSE Flashcards

Covers the cells topic

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1
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

The nucleus holds the genetic material of the cell

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2
Q

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm a watery solution where chemical reactions take place

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3
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell

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4
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration (where they take place)

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

The cell wall is made from cellulose which strengthens the cell.

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6
Q

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

A

The permanent vacuole is filled with cell sap (fluid) which helps to give the plant cell its shape

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7
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the sites of protein synthesis.

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8
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

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9
Q

Where is the DNA located in Eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in the nucleus.

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10
Q

Where is the DNA located in Prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells have their DNA suspended freely in the cytoplasm.

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11
Q

Name an example of a Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell.

A

Prokaryotic cell = Bacterial cell. Eukaryotic cell = Animal/Plant cell

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12
Q

Name two differences between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells.

A

Eukaryotic cells are multicellular, whereas Prokaryotic cells are simple celled. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller (and much simpler in structure) than Eukaryotic cells.

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13
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

To swim to find the egg- to ensure fertilisation can occur

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14
Q

What are the features of sperm cells?

A

They have a tail and lots of mitochondria

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15
Q

What is the function of muscle cells?

A

To contract and relax to allow movement to parts of the human body (arms + legs)

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16
Q

How are the features of muscle cells adapted to carry out their function?

A

The mitochondria makes lots of energy in respiration, making movement possible.

17
Q

What is the function of phloem cells?

A

To transport water and food (dissolved sugars- glucose) from the leaf to the root and vice versa.

18
Q

What are the features of phloem cells?

A

They have small holes called perforations at the end of each separate cell, limited cytoplasm.

19
Q

How are the features of phloem cells adapted to carry out their function?

A

The end walls of the vessel cell have pores called sieve plates. They also don’t have no nucleus

20
Q

What are the features of muscle cells?

A

They contain protein fibres which change length, when a muscle cell contracts these fibres shorten.

21
Q

How are the features of sperm cells adapted to carry out their function?

A

The tail allows them to swim, and the mitochondria provides the energy requisite for swimming.

22
Q

What is the function of root hair cells?

A

These reside at the bottom of plants, making contact with the soil in order to absorb water + mineral ions

23
Q

What are the features of root hair cells?

A

They have countless tiny root hairs around the edges of each root hair cell.

24
Q

How are the features of root hair cells adapted to carry out their function?

A

The masses of hairs provide a great surface area, allowing the absorption of mineral ions and water to be as efficient as possible. They are long and thin and therefore can fit between soil particles

25
Q

What is the function of xylem cells?

A

They ensure water can move through the tubes of roots and leaves of a plant

26
Q

What are the features of xylem cells?

A

They consist of long, thin tubes which join together

27
Q

How are the features of xylem cells adapted to carry out their function?

A

These tubes are long and thin, meaning water can move through these vessels with ease. The fact that they are hollow also provide substantial space for water.

28
Q

What is the function of nerve cells?

A

They carry electrical impulses throughout the body

29
Q

What are the features of nerve cells?

A

These nerve cells have branches of cytoplasm at the end of each cell, and have long fibres.

30
Q

How are the features of nerve cells adapted to carry out their function?

A

These branches facilitate communication with other nerve cells, allowing impulses to spread from one nerve cell to the next efficiently.

31
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

To transport oxygen throughout the body for aerobic respiration

32
Q

What are the features of red blood cells?

A
  1. They are small and flexible
  2. They have a biconcave shape (flattened disc shape)
  3. They have haemoglobin (a red protein that combines with oxygen)
  4. They have no nucleus
33
Q

How are the features of red blood cells adapted to carry out their function?

A
  1. Them being small and flexible allow them to fit through narrow blood vessels
  2. This maximises their surface area to ensue in oxygen absorption occur more efficiently
  3. The fact that they have no nucleus to contain as much haemoglobin as possible

Biology GCSE (3 decks)

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