Cell biology - definitions

Question 1

What is active transport?

Answer 1

The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more
concentrated solution with the use of energy from
respiration.

- this happen against a concentration gradient

Question 2

What is an adult stem cell?

Answer 2

a type of stem cells that can form many types of cells

Question 3

What is agar jelly?

Answer 3

A substance placed in petri dishes which is used to culture microorganisms on.

Question 4

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 4

The process where a cell becomes specialised to its function.

Question 5

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 5

A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell

Question 6

What is the cell wall?

Answer 6

An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells.

Question 7

What is the chloroplast?

Answer 7

An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 8

What are chromosomes?

Answer 8

DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes

Question 9

What is the concentration gradient?

Answer 9

The difference in concentration between two areas.

Question 10

What is diffusion

Answer 10

The spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 11

What is an embryonic stem cell?

Answer 11

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human cells

Question 12

What’s a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 12

: A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus.

Question 13

What is magnification?

Answer 13

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object.

Question 14

What is a meristematic cell?

Answer 14

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell.

Question 15

What is the mitrochondria?

Answer 15

An organelle which is the site of respiration.

Question 16

What is mitosis?

Answer 16

A type of cell division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell.

Question 17

What is the nucleus?

Answer 17

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.

Question 18

What’s an organelle?

Answer 18

A specialised structure found inside a cell

Question 19

What is osmosis?

Answer 19

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 20

What is plasmid DNA?

Answer 20

Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

Question 21

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 21

A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus

Question 22

What is resolution?

Answer 22

The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen in a microscope

Question 23

What are specialised cells?

Answer 23

Cells that are adapted to perform a specific function.

Question 24

What is a stem cell?

Answer 24

An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type.

Question 25

What is surface area?

Answer 25

The amount of contact an object has with its environment

Question 26

What is surface area to volume ratio?

SA:V

Answer 26

The size of the object compared with the amount of area where it contacts its environment.

Question 27

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 27

A series of stages preparing the cell for division.

Question 28

What is therapeutic cloning?

Answer 28

Producing an embryo that has the same genes as a patient.

Question 29

What is the vacuole?

Answer 29

An organelle that stores cell sap.