Cell biology - definitions Flashcards
What is active transport?
The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more
concentrated solution with the use of energy from
respiration.
- this happen against a concentration gradient
What is an adult stem cell?
a type of stem cells that can form many types of cells
What is agar jelly?
A substance placed in petri dishes which is used to culture microorganisms on.
What is cell differentiation?
The process where a cell becomes specialised to its function.
What is the cell membrane?
A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell
What is the cell wall?
An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells.
What is the chloroplast?
An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis.
What are chromosomes?
DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes
What is the concentration gradient?
The difference in concentration between two areas.
What is diffusion
The spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is an embryonic stem cell?
A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human cells
What’s a eukaryotic cell?
: A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus.
What is magnification?
How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object.
What is a meristematic cell?
A type of stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell.
What is the mitrochondria?
An organelle which is the site of respiration.
What is mitosis?
A type of cell division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell.
What is the nucleus?
An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.
What’s an organelle?
A specialised structure found inside a cell
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
What is plasmid DNA?
Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus
What is resolution?
The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen in a microscope
What are specialised cells?
Cells that are adapted to perform a specific function.
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type.
