cell biology c1 Flashcards
define prokaryotes
smaller cell and simpler
no nucleus eg. bacteria
unicellular
define eukaryotes
complex cells
eg animal, plant and fungi
multicellular
what does the animal cell contain
nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane mitochondria ribosomes
what does the plant cell contain
mitochondria cell membrane cytoplasm ribosome nucleus permanent vacuole cell wall chloroplast
define mitochondria
these are where most reactions for aerobic respiration take place
what are ribosomes
where proteins are made
what is the permanent vacuole
contains cell sap and keeps the cell turgid
what is the formula for magnification
magnification=image size/actual size
eg. millie is amazing
um to nm
x1000
nm to um
divide 1000
state the similarities of animal and plant cell
theyre both eukaryote cells
state the differences between animal and plant cells
plats have a cell wall, vacuole and chloroplast
plant cells are usually larger
what is magnification
the ability to make small objects seem larger
what is resolution
is the ability to distinguish two objects from each other
light microscopes?
use light and lenses from a image or specimen to make something look bigger
electron microscopes?
uses electrons to form a image
higher magnification then light microscopes
what is cell division
it’s when cells divide to creat more cells
what is osmosis
the movement of water molecules from high to a low water concentration (through a partially permeable membrane)
dilute-concentrated
what is diffusion
when partials move from a high concentration to a low concentration
what is active transport
the movement of particles from a more dilute(LOWER) solution to a more (HIGHER)concentrated solution wit h the use of energy from respiration
-against a concentration gradient
what is mitosis
a type of cell division which produces 2 genetically IDENTICAL daughter cells from ONE parent cell
plasmid?
loops of dna found in the cytoplasm
therapeutic cloning
producing an embryo that has the same genes as a patient
cell differentiation
the process where a cell becomes specialised to its function
