Cell Biology Basics

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

Lets substances in out of the cell

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

Where cellular respiration happens

Question 3

Cellular Respiration

Answer 3

Glucose (+O2) —> ATP (CO2 + heat)

Question 4

ATP

Answer 4

The molecular unit of currency for energy

Question 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum has two types, what are they and what do they do?

Answer 5

Rough - have ribosomes embedded - transporting proteins

Smooth - have no ribosomes embedded - involved in lipid (fat) production

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Holds the DNA (packaged into chromosomes)

Question 7

Surface Area to Volume Area

Answer 7

The higher the surface area, the faster the reactions in the cell will be

Question 8

Microvilli

Answer 8

“Hair-like” protrusions of the cell. Has a large surface area to facilitate reactions.

Question 9

Why is contraction important for cells/the body?

Answer 9

Contraction is usually associated with movement - for example, the heart beating is a contraction that helps pump blood

Question 10

Ribosome

Answer 10

Site of protein synthesis

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

The “molecular building blocks” of the cell

Question 12

How do DNA and proteins relate?

Answer 12

DNA -> Protein -> Phenotype

The DNA codes for a protein, which makes up the phenotype (visible trait)

e.g. gene for hair colour -> Melanin -> brown hair

Question 13

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 13

Photosynthesis

Question 14

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 14

Converting light into glucose

Question 15

Diffusion (osmosis if water)

Answer 15

Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration.

Question 16

Active transport

Answer 16

Movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration. Needs ATP as done through a “pump”

Question 17

Hormones

Answer 17

Chemicals that act as signals for your body