Cell Biology Basics Flashcards
Plasma membrane
Lets substances in out of the cell
Mitochondria
Where cellular respiration happens
Cellular Respiration
Glucose (+O2) —> ATP (CO2 + heat)
ATP
The molecular unit of currency for energy
Endoplasmic Reticulum has two types, what are they and what do they do?
Rough - have ribosomes embedded - transporting proteins
Smooth - have no ribosomes embedded - involved in lipid (fat) production
Nucleus
Holds the DNA (packaged into chromosomes)
Surface Area to Volume Area
The higher the surface area, the faster the reactions in the cell will be
Microvilli
“Hair-like” protrusions of the cell. Has a large surface area to facilitate reactions.
Why is contraction important for cells/the body?
Contraction is usually associated with movement - for example, the heart beating is a contraction that helps pump blood
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis
Proteins
The “molecular building blocks” of the cell
How do DNA and proteins relate?
DNA -> Protein -> Phenotype
The DNA codes for a protein, which makes up the phenotype (visible trait)
e.g. gene for hair colour -> Melanin -> brown hair
What do chloroplasts do?
Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis?
Converting light into glucose
Diffusion (osmosis if water)
Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration.