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Science year 9 > cell biology > Flashcards

cell biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the nerve cell? ( 1 mark)

A

The nerve cell’s function is to carry electrical impulses.

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2
Q

How is the nerve cell adapted for the function? ( 1 mark)

A

Any ONE from:

  • It is long
  • ## It has a myelin sheath / layer of insulation
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3
Q

There are thousands of root hair cells on a plant root.

Explain how these help the plant? ( 2 marks)

A

There are thousands of root hair cells TO INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA( 1 mark) so that MORE WATER / MINERALS CAN BE ABSORBED.

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4
Q

Describe how a sperm cell is adapted for its function? ( 2 marks)

A

Any ONE that is linked in correctly:

  • It has a tail ( 1 mark) so that it can swim( 1 mark)
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5
Q

A student observed a sperm cell using a microscope.
The sperm cell image is measured 22mm long.
The real length of the sperm cell is 0.055.
Use the equation to calculate the magnification the student used to see the sperm cell?
( 2 marks)

A

(X) 400. ( 2 marks)

                     size of image magnification=\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
                     size of real object
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6
Q

How can you tell a sperm cell is an animal cell and not a plant cell? ( 1 mark)

A

Any ONE of these are one mark:

  • Cell wall
  • Chloroplast
  • Large vacuole
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7
Q

Fill in the sentence.

Oxygen enters cells by the process of ————-. It moves from an area of ————— concentration to an area of ———– concentration. ( 3 marks)

A

Oxygen enters the cell by the process of DIFFUSION. It moves from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration. ( 3 marks)

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8
Q

Give one factor that effects the movement of oxygen into and out of cells?( 1 mark)

A

Any ONE from:

  • The difference in concentrations
  • Temperature
  • Surface area
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9
Q

What is the function of ribosomes? ( 1 mark)

A

protein synthesis

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10
Q

In which type of animal cell would you find a lot of mitochondria?
Give a reason for your answer.

A

Any ONE from:

  • Muscle cell
  • Sperm cell
  • Liver cell
  • Fat cell

These cell’s transfer a lot of energy or have a high rate of respiration.

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11
Q

Name one part of a plant cell that is also found in bacterial cells?

A

Any ONE from:

  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
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12
Q

The cell has a pair of chromosomes, therefore the cell must be a ………….

A

Body cell ( 1 mark)

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13
Q

How many chromosomes are there in a human body cell?

A

There are 46

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14
Q

The fertilised egg has …….. sets of genetic information

A

The fertilised egg has TWO sets of genetic information .

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15
Q

The fertilised egg divides to form the 5-day-old embryo by a process called ……..

A

The fertilised egg divides to form the 5-day-old embryo by a process called MITOSIS.

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16
Q

In plants, mitosis takes place at meristems.

State one area of a plant that is a meristems.

A
  • Tip of shoot

- Tip of root

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17
Q

Explain how to calculate the total magnification?

A

Eyepiece X objective

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18
Q

How can you identify if a cell is a animal cell or a plant cell?

A

You can tell if a cell is a animal cell because animal cells don’t have a vacuole, cell wall and chlorplasts. Plant cells do have a vacuole, cell wall or chlorplasts.

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19
Q

What are the main parts of the a cell?

A

Both cells ( animal and plant cells) have a nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria and a cell membrane.

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20
Q

How do you prepare a microslide?

A

You wipe the cotton stick around someone’s mouth. Then collect their DNA and wipe DNA on the slip. Finally you need to use the indicator.

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21
Q

Do bacterial cells (prokaryotic) cells contain a nucleus and eukaryotic cells do.

A

No. Bacterial ( Prokaryotic) cells do not contain a nucleus and eukaryotic cells do.

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22
Q

What is the order of magnitude ( to correctly order objects according to size?

A

Two images/items that one is bigger. for example X 10, X2, X100 bigger.

23
Q

what types of specialised animal cells are there

A

Sperm cell, red blood cell, nerve cell and muscle cell.

24
Q

What is the function for the sperm cell?

A

The function of the sperm is to carry out genes to the female’s egg

25
Q

What is the function of the muscle cell?

A

The function of the muscle cell is to generate movement.

26
Q

What is the function of the red blood cell?

A

The function of the red blood cell is to transfer oxygen all around your body.

27
Q

What is the function of the nerve cell?

A

The function of the nerve cell is to send electrical impulses messages around your body

28
Q

What are the adaptations of the nerve cell?

A

One adaptation of the nerve cell is that the axon ( the long part of the nerve cell) is long so that it can send messages quickly.

Another adaptation is the insulted by a fatty sheath increases the speed of the nerve cells impluses along the neuron.

29
Q

What are the adaptations of the white blood cells?

A

White blood cells adaptation is to combat against infections diseases.

30
Q

What are the adaptations of the red blood cells?

A

Red blood cells adaptation is it’s disc shape for more surface area.

31
Q

What are the adaptations for the muscle cells?

A

A muscle cell is adapted to it’s function because it is filled with contractile proteins.

32
Q

What are the adaptations for the sperm cells?

A

The sperm cell adaptations is mobility.

33
Q

What is the adaptations for the egg cell?

A

The adaptations of the egg cell is fertilization

34
Q

What is the adaptation of the hair root cell?

A

The adaptation of the root hair cell is it’s large surface area.

35
Q

What is the specialised plant cells diagrams?

A

Plant cells have extra functions such as, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes and cytoplasm

36
Q

A stomata looks like a

A

a “O” in bubble writing

37
Q

A palisade looks like a

A

a rectangle

38
Q

A root hair cell looks like a

A

a nail

39
Q

How many Gametes does a Human body cell have?

A

23

40
Q

…….. is in a stage of cell division

A

MITOSIS is in a stage of cell division.

41
Q

What does MITOSIS mean?

A

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each of which are an identical copy of the parent.

42
Q

What does CHROMOSOMES mean?

A

A threadlike structure of DNA found in the nucleus of most living cells.

43
Q

What is a GENE?

A

A sections of DNA which gives information on a certain characteristics.

44
Q

What are GAMETES?

A

Sex cell, sperm or eggs in animals

45
Q

What does GROWTH mean?

A

GROWTH means increasing in size

46
Q

What does DIFFERENTIATION?

A

DIFFERENTIATION means the process by which cells, tissue, and organs become specialised

47
Q

Why does the root hair cell has a thin cell wall?

A

The root hair cells has a thin cell wall so that it can allow water to pass through.

48
Q

What is a electron microscope?

A

a electron microscope is used for analysing cells in great detail such as the nucleus

49
Q

How many long is 1000Mm in millimetres?

A

1000Mm = 1 millimetres

50
Q

What are 3 advantages of embryonic stem cells?

A
  • Curing medical conditions
  • It keeps the embryo’s from being destroyed without purpose
  • It is capable of turning embryonic cells into models of genetic disorders.

-

51
Q

What is Mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria release energy for the cell

52
Q

What does ribosomes do?

A

Ribosomes build protein

53
Q

What are three disadvantages of embryonic stem cells

A
  • It results taking life
  • It still cost taxpayers money
  • It has reports of failures
54
Q

What is mitochondria function

A

to perform cellular respiration.

Science year 9 (2 decks)

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