Cell Biology Flashcards
What is the function of the vacuole?
To store sugars and salts
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
The site of biochemical reactions
What is the function of chromosomes?
controls the transfer of genetic material
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
phosolipid bi-layer
How do you describe the structure of the cell membrane?
Fluid Mosaic
What is Diffusion?
The passive movement of molecules of a substance from a area of high concentration to low concentration, down the concentration gradient
Chloroplasts are the site of?
Photosynthesis
Mitochondria are the site of?
Respiration
How does the Ribosome produce proteins?
Each three bases code for one amino acid (triplet code). The amino acids then join together by peptide bonds to form proteins
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of the cell wall?
Keeps the cell shape and supports the cell
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
To photosynthesise
What is the function of the nucleus?
Containing genetic information and controls cell activity
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
What is the function of mitrochondria?
Respiration
What are the plant cell walls made out of?
Cellulose
What are the cell membranes made out of?
Proteins and Phosolipids
What are the two types of transport?
Passive and active
What happens of the water concentration gradient is greater outside the cell than in?
Water will pass into the cell and the cell will become turgid or lysed
What happens if the water concentration is lower outside the cell than in?
Water will pass out of the cell and the cell will become flaccid and then plasmolysed
What is active transport?
The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient and requires ATP
What is the definition of osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, down a concentration gradient
What are chromosomes made out of?
Two strands of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) twisted in double helix shape
What are the four bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Which bases pair with which?
A-T and C-G
What are proteins made out of?
Amino acids
What carries the genetic code to the ribosome for protein synthesis?
Riboncucleic Acid (mRNA
What holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen Bonding
Give an example of active transport
Sodium and potassium in nerve cells/Iodine in seaweed
Why does active transport require energy?
For the membrane proteins to move molecules or ions against the concentration gradient
List the structures found in a typical bacterial cell
cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chromosomal DNA, Plasmid DNA
List the structures found in a typical fungal cell
cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus
What does messenger mRNA do?
Carries a complementary copy of the code from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome where proteins are assembled from amino acids
List three substances which diffuse in to or out of a cell
Glucose, Carbon dioxide, oxygen, amino acids, urea
List the structure found in a typical plant cell
cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, chloroplasts, vacuole
List the structures found in a typical animal cell
cell membrane, cytoplasm,
