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N5 Biology > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

To store sugars and salts

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2
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

The site of biochemical reactions

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3
Q

What is the function of chromosomes?

A

controls the transfer of genetic material

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4
Q

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

A

phosolipid bi-layer

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5
Q

How do you describe the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Fluid Mosaic

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6
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

The passive movement of molecules of a substance from a area of high concentration to low concentration, down the concentration gradient

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7
Q

Chloroplasts are the site of?

A

Photosynthesis

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8
Q

Mitochondria are the site of?

A

Respiration

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9
Q

How does the Ribosome produce proteins?

A

Each three bases code for one amino acid (triplet code). The amino acids then join together by peptide bonds to form proteins

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10
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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11
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Keeps the cell shape and supports the cell

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12
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

To photosynthesise

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13
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Containing genetic information and controls cell activity

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14
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis

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15
Q

What is the function of mitrochondria?

A

Respiration

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16
Q

What are the plant cell walls made out of?

A

Cellulose

17
Q

What are the cell membranes made out of?

A

Proteins and Phosolipids

18
Q

What are the two types of transport?

A

Passive and active

19
Q

What happens of the water concentration gradient is greater outside the cell than in?

A

Water will pass into the cell and the cell will become turgid or lysed

20
Q

What happens if the water concentration is lower outside the cell than in?

A

Water will pass out of the cell and the cell will become flaccid and then plasmolysed

21
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient and requires ATP

22
Q

What is the definition of osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, down a concentration gradient

23
Q

What are chromosomes made out of?

A

Two strands of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) twisted in double helix shape

24
Q

What are the four bases?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

25
Q

Which bases pair with which?

A

A-T and C-G

26
Q

What are proteins made out of?

A

Amino acids

27
Q

What carries the genetic code to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

A

Riboncucleic Acid (mRNA

28
Q

What holds the two strands of DNA together?

A

Hydrogen Bonding

29
Q

Give an example of active transport

A

Sodium and potassium in nerve cells/Iodine in seaweed

30
Q

Why does active transport require energy?

A

For the membrane proteins to move molecules or ions against the concentration gradient

31
Q

List the structures found in a typical bacterial cell

A

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chromosomal DNA, Plasmid DNA

32
Q

List the structures found in a typical fungal cell

A

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus

33
Q

What does messenger mRNA do?

A

Carries a complementary copy of the code from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome where proteins are assembled from amino acids

34
Q

List three substances which diffuse in to or out of a cell

A

Glucose, Carbon dioxide, oxygen, amino acids, urea

35
Q

List the structure found in a typical plant cell

A

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, chloroplasts, vacuole

36
Q

List the structures found in a typical animal cell

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm,

N5 Biology (1 decks)

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