Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 types of transport in/out of cells

A

Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of cells are animal and plant cells

A

Eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of cells are bacteria cells

A

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which cell is smaller eukaryotic or prokaryotic

A

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is characteristic about prokaryotic cells

A

They do not have a nucleus they have DNA in a single loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Put these in order of size starting with the largest; micro, nano, centi, milli

A

Centi, milli, micro, nano

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the genetic material found in a eukaryotic cell

A

The nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the genetic information found in a prokaryotic cell

A

The DNA is in a loop in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm

A

Chemical processes take place here controlled by enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria

A

Where respiration occurs releasing energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of a cell wall

A

Gives the cell strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the cell wall made of

A

Cellulose (not in bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts

A

Containing chlorophyll that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of a permanent vacuole

A

Contains cell sap to keep it turgid (swollen from water uptake)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a plasmid when talking about bacteria

A

A small ring of DNA often used as a vector in genetic modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does it mean by cell specialisation

A

The structure of a cell that helps them carry out a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does the mitochondria in a sperm cell relate to specialisation

A

Mitochondria is needed to release energy for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why has a sperm cell got a long tail

A

To help it swim to the egg to fertilise it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why does the head of a sperm cell contain an enzyme

A

To digest the cell membrane of the egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What enzyme is found in the head of a sperm cell

A

Acrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is a nerve cell long

A

So it can carry signals across long distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does the nerve cell create a network around the body

A

They have branched connections joining the nerve cells together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the finger like things called on the end of nerve cells around the nucleus

A

Dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What helps a nerve cell enhance transmissions of electrical signals

A

Insulated sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why are muscle cells long

A

So there is enough space to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How does a muscle cell release energy

A

It has a lot of mitochondria which releases energy by respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell

A

To absorb water and minerals from the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How is a root hair cell specialised

A

It has hair like projections to increase surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do root hair cells not contain that a plant cell does and why

A

They don’t contain chloroplasts because they are underground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the function of xylem

A

Carry water and minerals in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why is xylem made up of dead tissue

A

To create a hollow tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

In xylem what is the function of lignin

A

Toughens up long cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How and in which direction does the the minerals and water flow

A

Upwards from the roots to the leaves

By active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the function of phloem

A

Carry glucose around the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are phloem tubes made out of

A

Living tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What do the cells in phloem contain

A

End plates with holes in them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What process moves the glucose in terms of phloem

A

Translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where does the glucose solution move from and to by being carried by phloem

A

From the leaves to growth and storage tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What does it mean by undifferentiated

A

The cell can turn into any cell

42
Q

What is the difference in differentiation in animal and plant cells

A

Most animal cells differentiate in the early stage of development
Most plant cells can differentiate throughout their life cycle

43
Q

What is the max magnification of a light microscope

A

1500

44
Q

What is the max magnification of an electron microscope

A

2,000,000

45
Q

What is the resolution of a light microscope

A

200nm

46
Q

What is the resolution of an electron microscope

A

0.2nm

47
Q

What can light microscopes help us see

A

Structures such as the mitochondria

48
Q

What does the electron microscope help us see

A

Internal structures of organelles such as chloroplast and the mitochondria

49
Q

How do you find the magnification

A

Size of image / real size

50
Q

How would you draw what you see in a microscope

A

Clear line drawing, no shading
Label main cell structures
Add title and magnification

51
Q

How to bacteria multiply

A

Binary fission

52
Q

What is the average rate of binary fission

A

20 minuets

53
Q

What is agar used for

A

Containing energy source and minerals

54
Q

What must happen to the petridish and agar before bacteria is added

A

Must be sterilised to kill microorganisms

55
Q

What Funtime does an inoculating loop have

A

Transferring bacteria after being heated by a Bunsen burner

56
Q

Why must the Petri dish be sealed

A

So other microorganisms can get in

57
Q

Why can the Petri dish be sealed completely

A

Oxygen must be able to get in for aerobic respiration

58
Q

What is the zone of inhibition

A

An area where bacteria doesn’t grow

59
Q

How many pairs of chromosome are there in a human gene

A

23

60
Q

Where are chromosomes found

A

In the nucleus

61
Q

What are chromosomes made of

A

Coiled strands of DNA

62
Q

What is a gene

A

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein or characteristic

63
Q

How do cells multiply

A

Mitosis

64
Q

What are the 3 stages of cell division

A

Growth
DNA synthesis
Mitosis

65
Q

What happens in growth in cell division

A

Copies are made of the organelles such as ribosomes

66
Q

What happens in DNA synthesis in cell division

A

The DNA copies, 2 copies of each chromosomes

67
Q

What happens in the stage mitosis in cell division

A

1 set of chromosomes is pulled to either side of the cell

The cytoplasm and call membrane dip and divid into two identical parent cells

68
Q

What does it mean by stem cells

A

Cells that are undifferentiated

69
Q

What are the 2 types of stem cells found in humans

A

Embryonic

Bone marrow

70
Q

What are the disadvantages of embryo stem cells

A

Ethics

71
Q

What is an advantage of embryo stem cells

A

They can turn into any cell

72
Q

What is a disadvantage of adult stem cells

A

They can’t turn into any cell

73
Q

What is an advantage of adult stem cells

A

The host mustn’t be killed

74
Q

What is meristems

A

Undifferentiated plant stem cells grouped together

75
Q

What is diffusion

A

The movement of gas down a concentration gradient

76
Q

How does oxygen move around the body and from and to where

A

Diffusion

From alveolar air space to blood circulating around the lungs

77
Q

How does digested food travel and from and to where

A

Diffusion

From the small intestine to the blood in capillary of villus

78
Q

How does urea travel and from and to where

A

Diffusion

From cells to blood plasma

79
Q

What 3 factors affect the rate of diffusion

A

The concentration gradient
The temperature
The surface area of the membrane

80
Q

Why does the small intestine contain villi

A

To increase the surface area

81
Q

What advantage is there that the membrane on the villi are thin

A

Short diffusion distance

82
Q

Why do the lungs have alveoli

A

Increased surface area

83
Q

Why is there a short diffusion distance for the lungs

A

The membrane of the alveoli are very thin

84
Q

How is the surface area increased in gills

A

The gill filaments

85
Q

What are the gill filaments covered in and why

A

Lamella

Increase surface area

86
Q

What does the lamella have

A

A good blood supply

87
Q

Why is a good blood supply important when talking about gills in fish

A

Maintains the concentration gradient as water flows in the opposite direction

88
Q

Why are the lamellae membranes very thin

A

Short diffusion distance

89
Q

How do the leaves absorb more light

A

Increased surface area

90
Q

There is a thin membrane in leave cells which means

A

There is a short distance for the carbon dioxide to diffuse across

91
Q

What is on the lower side of the leaf that allows gases to diffuse into and out of the leaf

A

Stomata

92
Q

What is osmosis

A

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution thought a partially permeable membrane

93
Q

What 2 factors effect the rate of osmosis

A

The concentration gradient

Temperature

94
Q

What is hypertonic

A

More concentrated solution than in the cells

95
Q

What is isotonic

A

Same concentration as the solution in the cell

96
Q

What is hypotonic

A

More dilute than the solution in the cells

97
Q

What is active transport

A

Substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against the concentration gradient

98
Q

How it energy proved for active transport

A

Respiration

99
Q

What is a partially permeable membrane

A

A membrane that lets some things through it

100
Q

What are the 5 stages of animal growth

A 
Egg and sperm 
Fertilisation
Zygote 
Embryo 
Foetus
101
Q

What is an egg and sperm also known as

A

Gamets

102
Q

What are the 3 main stages in cell dividing

A

Growth
Copy
Split

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions