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Biology > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of a hypotonic cell

A

A cell which is more concentrated than its surroundings

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2
Q

Another word for describing a hypotonic cell

A

Turgid

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3
Q

Definition of an isotonic cell

A

A cell which has an equal concentration as its surroundings

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4
Q

Another word for describing a isotonic cell

A

Flaccid

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5
Q

Definition of a hypertonic cell

A

A cell which is more dilute than its surroundings

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6
Q

Another word for describing a hypertonic cell

A

Plasmolysed

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7
Q

Definition of diffusion

A

Where a gas or a liquid moves into a space of lower concentration

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8
Q

Definition of active transport

A

A process in which dissolved molecules move across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient. This requires additional energy from the cell

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9
Q

Definition of osmosis

A

A special case of diffusion where water moves from a more concentrated solution into a cell or out of one

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10
Q

Nucleus -

A

Controls the activity of the cell

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11
Q

Mitochondria -

A

Aerobic respiration occurs here releasing energy

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12
Q

Chloroplast -

A

Light energy is absorbed & changed into food by photosynthesis

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13
Q

Ribosome -

A

Proteins are made (synthesised) here

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14
Q

Cell wall -

A

Strengthens the cell and made of cellulose

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15
Q

Vacuole -

A

Full of cell sap & maintains shape

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16
Q

Cell membrane -

A

Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell

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17
Q

Cytoplasm -

A

This is where most reactions take place

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18
Q

Resolution in a microscope -

A

The shortest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished by the observer (or camera) as separate entities

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19
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have a nucleus?

A

E

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20
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have a cytoplasm

A

E & P

21
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have a slime capsule

A

P

22
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have a cell wall

A

E - sometimes & P

23
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have a flagella

A

E - sometimes & P

24
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have a plasmid

A

P

25
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have ribosomes

A

E & P

26
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have a chloroplasts

A

E

27
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have a loop of DNA

A

P

28
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have a mitochondria

A

E

29
Q

Which type(s) of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) have a cell membrane

A

E & P

30
Q

Which type of cell is bigger

A

E

31
Q

Which type of cell is older

A

P

32
Q

Which type of cell is more complex

A

E

33
Q

How do you remember which type of cell is which

A

“You, are Eukaryotic”

34
Q

Which type of cell has organelles

A

E

35
Q

Which type of cell can reproduce quickly

A

P

36
Q

How are sperm cells specialised

A

Tail for movement, Acrosome on head releases enzyme that dissolves egg surface

37
Q

How are nerve cells specialised

A

Myelin sheath to stop electrical impulses escaping the cell

38
Q

How are muscle cells specialised

A

Has special proteins that help the cell contract

39
Q

How are photosynthetic cells specialised

A

Thin with a large surface area

40
Q

How are root hair cells specialised

A

Root hair to increase surface area

41
Q

How are xylem cells specialised

A

Lignin spirals have adapted to support the cell

42
Q

How are phloem cells specialised

A

Symbiotic relationship with companion cells, hollow tubes

43
Q

What are meristem cells

A

A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells

44
Q

Give examples of osmosis

A

Intake of water molecules in plants, cholera

45
Q

Give examples of active transport

A

Root hair cells use active transport

46
Q

Give examples of diffusion

A

Intake of oxygen in the alveoli

47
Q

Give three factors that affect the rate of diffusion

A

Temperature, density of the diffusing substance, concentration gradient

48
Q

Formula for calculating percentage change

A

(New-Old)/Old

Biology (4 decks)

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