Cell Biology Flashcards
What is Aerobic respiration?
Release of energy from food by a cell using oxygen.
what is a Cell Membrane?
Selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cell cytoplasm and controlling the entry and exit of materials.
What is the function of a cell wall?
Supports and prevents cells from bursting: plant, fungal and bacterial walls have different structures and chemical compositions.
What is Cellulose?
Structural carbohydrate of which plants cell walls are composed.
What is Chloroplast?
Organelle containing chlorophyll: The site of photosynthesis.
What is Cytoplasm?
Jelly-Like liquid containing cell organelles and the site of many chemical reactions.
What is DNA?
Substance in chromosomes that carries the genetic code of an organism.
What is a Mitochondrion?
Organelle that is the site of Aerobic Respiration and ATP production in cells.
What is a Nucleus?
organelle that is the control centre centre of a cell containing the genetic information of the organism.
What is Photosynthesis?
The process carried out by green plants to make their own food using light energy.
What is a Plasmid?
Circular genetic material present in bacterial cells and used in genetic engineering or modification.
What is a Protein?
Substance composed of chains of amino acids and containing the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
What is a Ribosome?
Site of protein synthesis.
What is a Vacuole?
Membrane-bound sac containing cell sap in plant and fungal cells.
Name two structures that are found in all cells.
Cell membrane, Ribosome.
Give two Organelles that are found in animal, plant and fungal cells.
Mitochondrion, Nucleus
Name a structure found in Bacterial cells only.
Chromosome.
State how the cell walls of plant, fungal and bacterial cells vary.
Their structure and the chemical substances of which they are made.
Explain why plant root cells can not photosynthesise.
They do not contain chloroplasts and receive no light.
