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MCB 104 > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Resolution

A

Distance by which two closely spaced objects can be distinguished

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2
Q

GFP

A

Green Fluorescent Protein
From A. victoria
Gene and protein can be expressed harmlessly in most organisms

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3
Q

Amphipathic

A

Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Ie. sphingolipids
Phospholipids

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4
Q

Spontaneous bilayers

A 
Due to shape and amphipathic nature 
Free energy (delta G) is reduced when fatty acids interact w each other to exclude water
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5
Q

Microfilaments

A

Cell shape, movement, adhesion, division, intracellular transport
Dynamic
Actin
7-9nm

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6
Q

Microtubules

A

Cell shape, movement, adhesion, division, intracellular transport
Alpha/beta-tubulin dimer
25nm

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7
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Shape
Adhesion
Static

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8
Q

Nucleating protein

A

Arp2/3

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9
Q

Monomer sequestering protein

A

Thymosin-B4

Profilin

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10
Q

Severing protein

A

Cofilin

Maintains high [local] of monomer

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11
Q

Stathmin

A

binds tubulin subunits to prevent assembly

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12
Q

Gamma-TuRc

A

nucleates tubulin assembly

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13
Q

+TIPs

A

attach to + end of MT, can link to structures

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14
Q

Kinesin-13

A

catastrophic disassembly @ (+) end of MT

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15
Q

Kinesin-1

A

(+) end directed

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16
Q

Kinesin-14

A

(-) end directed

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17
Q

Dyenin

A

(-) end directed

moves cargo, organelle positioning

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18
Q

Phalloidin

A

Binds to F-actin, stabilizes

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19
Q

Latrunculin

Cytochalasin

A

Depolymerizes actin

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20
Q

Taxol

A

Binds MT and stabilizes

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21
Q

Nocodazol

Colchicine

A

Depolymerizes MT

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22
Q

Cohesin

A

tethers sister chromatids until anaphase

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23
Q

Condensin complex

A

Drives folding of chromatin

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24
Q

Centromere

A

chromosomal region where kinetochore assembles

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25
Q

APC

A

Anaphase Promoting Complex

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26
Q

Separase

A

Protease that cleaves cohesin

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27
Q

Contractile ring

A

Actin and myosin

Activated by Rho

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28
Q

Rho

A

Activated actin and myosin in contractile ring

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29
Q

cdc genes

A

Mutant –> cell division defective

cdc28 –> entrance to S

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30
Q

cdc genes

A

Mutant –> cell division defective

cdc28 –> entrance to S, =CDK1

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31
Q

Sea urchin eggs

A

Cyclin prot

SDS-PAGE shows graded accumulation

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32
Q

MPF

A

M-phase Promoting Factor

sufficient to drive frog oocytes into M

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33
Q

p53

A

tumor suppressor gene
response to damaged DNA
incr translation of p21

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34
Q

p21

A

CDK inhib prot

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35
Q

Signal hypothesis

A

15-60 aa = zip code
primary sequence recog by cellular machinery
Necessary and Sufficient

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36
Q

NLS

A

Nuclear Localization Signal

37
Q

NPC

A

Nuclear Pore Complex

38
Q

Ran

A

small GTPase switch prot

39
Q

RanGEF

A

bound to chromatin in nucleus

Activates Ran in nucleus

40
Q

RanGAP

A

In cyto

Inactivates Ran in cyto

41
Q

Small GTPases

A

Cellular switches

Active when bound to GTP

42
Q

GAP

A

GTPase activating prot

Turns GTPase off

43
Q

GEF

A

GTPase Exchange Factor

turns GTPase on

44
Q

Importin

A

recog and bind NLS
Captured by NPC
RanGTP releases import cargos and promotes exit cargo binding by complexing w Exportin

45
Q

Exportin

A

Recog NES

46
Q

NES

A

Nuclear Export Signal

47
Q

SRP

A

Signal Recognition Particle

Binds signal seq and then binds to receptor on ER

48
Q

Signal peptidase

A

cleaves signal seq after translation into ER lumen

49
Q

ERAD

A

ER Associated Degradation

50
Q

Unfolded Protein Response

A

Incr transcr of chaperones
ER expansion
Decr transl
Helps adjust to stress, can be apoptotic

51
Q

Sec1 mutant

A

Accumulate secretory vesicles that can’t fuse with PM

52
Q

Sar1

A

GTPase

53
Q

Sec12

A

GEF

54
Q

Sec23/24

A

coat

55
Q

Rab

A

Small GTPase func as zipcode

Mediates tethering of SNARES

56
Q

v-SNARE

A

vesicle prot

induces fusion w Rab

57
Q

t-SNARE

A

target mem prot

induces fusion w Rab

58
Q

Endocrine

A

signalling molec released from site distant from target

Eg. Insulin

59
Q

Paracrine

A

Signalling molec targets nearby cells

60
Q

Autocrine

A

Cell signals to itself

61
Q

Contact-dependent signalling

A

signal only transmits to cells directly adjacent

Imp during development and differentiation

62
Q

GPCR

A

G-prot Coupled Receptor
Gprot: Alpha/Beta-gamma subunits
GDP-bound = inactive
GTP-bound=active

63
Q

Second messengers

A

PLC, Adenyl cyclase, PDE

64
Q

Generation of cAMP

A

Glycogen breakdown>GTP-Galpha activ Adenylate cyclase–> generated cAMP from ATP–> activates PKA–> phosphor prot subtrates

65
Q

Activation of phospholipase C (PLC)

A

GTP-Galpha activates phospholiapseC–> cleaves PIP2 into diaglycerol and IP3–>IP3 causes Ca2+ release from ER–>DAG and Ca2+ activate PKC to phosphor prot

66
Q

NGF

A

Nerve Growth Factor
Salivary glands of mice
Makes eyes open sooner and teeth sprout faster

67
Q

EGF

A

Epidermal Growth Factor

Mitogenic

68
Q

Mitogenic

A

Stimulates accel of cell cycle

69
Q

IGF1

A

Allele resp for size variation in dogs

70
Q

RTK

A

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

Growth, prolif and/or survival

71
Q

Grb2

A 
Adaptor prot
Contains SH2 (binds Y-Pi) and SH3 (binds SOS)
72
Q

SOS

A

GEF for Ras

Cytosolic

73
Q

Ras

A

GTPase-binding switch
In PM
Activates Raf

74
Q

Raf

A 
Cytosolic prot kinase
Potent oncogene
Stim cell proliferation
Activated by Ras
MAPKKK
75
Q

MEK

A

MAPKK
phosphor other prot, some transcr factors
Promotes nuclear import

76
Q

PI3-Kinase

A

Mem associated lipid kinase

Stim cell survival and growth via mem recruitment of ATK kinase

77
Q

RTK Pathway

A

Ligand –>RTK –>Grb2/SOS –> Ras –> Raf –>MEK (MAPKKK/MAPKK) casacde –> MAPK –> nucleus (transcription factor)

78
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Seal and reg diffusion
Claudins and Occlaudins
Maintains [solute]

79
Q

Adherens Junction

A

Apical end of lateral surface

Anchors actin filaments

80
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Allow small molec to pass
Electrical coupling, metabolic coupling, signaling molec
Connexins

81
Q

Claudins

Occlaudins

A

In Tight Junctions
tightly associated
Mem potential
Selective diffusion of ions

82
Q

Connexins

A

Gap Junctions

TM

83
Q

Focal Adhesions

A

Cemented to ECM
Basal surface
Coupled to actin cytoskeleton

84
Q

Cadherin

A

Homophilic interaction
ECD: binds Ca2+
TM: single
ICD: binds catenins, needs C terminal

85
Q

Catenin

A

mediates binding to actin filaments

86
Q

Integrins

A

Heterophillic
Bind laminin, collagen, fibronectin in ECM
Binds Talin in cyto to attach to actin filaments

87
Q

Talin

A

Binds “tail” of integrin

Mediates Actin binding

88
Q

Convergent extension

A

cells move toward midline, intercalate and then extend along anterior-posterior axis

MCB 104 (3 decks)

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